1. Galvanotechnik Plating - processesPlating - plant construction

2. Galvanotechnik Zinc-Nickel Alloy Plating Recommended by european automotive industry

3. Galvanotechnik contains 12-15 % Nickel excellent corrosion resistance relating to base material corrosion low formation of corrosion products chrome(VI)free passivation. Passivation layers have excellent corrosion and temperature resistance No contact corrosion in combination with Aluminium Excellent adhesion base for organic coatings No allergic reaction on skin ( Nickel-allergy ! ) Features Zinc Nickel Alloys

4. Galvanotechnik The first Zinc Nickel Alloy Electrolyte for barrel and rack plating was introduced to the market from Schloetter. 1986: SLOTOLOY 10 In use at customer side in France, for plating on cast iron parts ( brake system ) Weak acid type operate with ammonia. Poor metal distribution working concentrations: Zinc28 g/l Nickel20 g/l Ammonia:100 g/l pH:5.9 – 6.0

5. Galvanotechnik 1992: SLOTOLOY ZN 50 Improvement of the metal distribution with the development of the first alkaline type electrolyte, with 12 – 15 % Ni. Before alkaline types were only available with lowered nickel-concentrations ( US-imported ) - operates with complexing agents - insoluble Ni anodes - Zn dissolving tank necessary - excellent metal distribution - working concentrations Zinc:6.5 g/l Nickel:1.0 g/l NaOH:100 g/l

6. Galvanotechnik 1999: SLOTOLOY ZN 50 First Zinc-Nickel Installation in China:

7. Galvanotechnik Current Volumes of Zn/Ni-rack Electrolytes in Germany SLOTOLOY ZN 80: approx. 900 000 l

8. Galvanotechnik zinc-nickel + passivation zinc + passivation zinc-nickel zinc unplated Comparision between plated and unplated steel in the salt spray test Thickness approx.. 5 µm

9. Galvanotechnik Demand for high corrosion protection against corrosion of base metal is fulfilled both with alkaline and acid ZnNi Thickness 8 µm; in neutral saltspray-test

10. Galvanotechnik Where you find Zinc-Nickel-surfaces ! Brake system mainly cast iron, Connectors, Brake- deairing technic ca. 10 % Chassis frame and others Drive shaft, Shock absorber parts, Connectors ca. 20 % Engine compartment Engine and gear box holder, Lock cage, Control lever for engine and ancillary units, Connectors etc. ca. 70 %

11. Galvanotechnik Applications for zinc- nickel automotive-parts

12. Galvanotechnik Zn thermally stressed part ZnNi thermally stressed part

13. Galvanotechnik Hexavalent chrome free passivations transparent colour Corrosion resistance in Salt Spray Test Rack: 300 hours Barrel: 240 hours Transparent passivations:

14. Galvanotechnik SEM Structure: Tranparent passivation: Transparent passivation (~ 20 mg Cr(III)/m 2 )

15. Galvanotechnik Influence of Sealant on visual appearance: Tranparent passivation: Without Sealant With Sealant

16. Galvanotechnik Corrosion test result barrel plated parts: After 240 h SST DIN EN ISO 9227 without heat treatment Tranparent passivation:

17. Galvanotechnik Process sequence: Plating Rinse Passivate RinseDry Sealant Black passivation:

18. Galvanotechnik Feartures: ZnNi layer disolving only 0.8 – 1,0  m Long life time without quality concerns In production installation Zn concentrations around 20 g/l gave no disadvantage. Black passivation:

19. Galvanotechnik Black passivation: SEM structure: Black passivation conversion layer (~ 50 mg Cr(III)/m 2 )

20. Galvanotechnik Corrosion test result barrel plated parts: After 480 h SST with top coat Black passivation: 120 h SST

21. Galvanotechnik Therefore our ZnNi-system is able to work under nearly all conditions:

22. Galvanotechnik Our Customers Jobplaters and Production for all namable automobile manufacturer and supplier. Supplier, amongst others: Schmitter, Eaton, ZF, Bosch, Hörnlein Hügel. QF, Maflow(Manuli), Accument, Styner&Binz, TRW, Stelotec, Fischer, Latenstein, Lisi(Former), Cooper Standart, TI-Heidelberg.

23. Galvanotechnik Automobile manufacturer: ( direct delivery or by supplier ) VW (-Group) Opel BMW Ford Daimler Volvo Renault PSA [no official release, but indirectly delivered by Bosch or Maflow (common rail)] Ferrari Fiat Inhouse production for oiltubes and common rail tubes

24. Galvanotechnik Automobile manufacturer: ( direct delivery or by supplier ) VW (-Group) Opel BMW Ford Daimler Volvo Renault PSA [no official release, but indirectly delivered by Bosch or Maflow (common rail)] Ferrari Fiat Inhouse production for oiltubes and common rail tubes

25. Galvanotechnik

27. Thank you for your attention !