1. Characterization Process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. TWO WAYS TO CHARACTERIZE:

2. Direct Characterization: Author TELLS the audience the character’s personality with direct description “The patient boy and quiet girl were both well mannered and did not disobey their mother.” What did the author TELL us about the boy? What did the author TELL us about the girl? Direct Characterization Patient Well mannered Obedient Quiet Well mannered Obedient

3. S Speech T Thought E Engagement A Actions L LooksSTEAL INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION

4. Indirect Characterization: Author SHOWS and INFERS to REVEAL the character’s personality There are FIVE (5) different methods of indirect characterization : Indirect Characterization

5. CONFLICT a struggle between opposing forces In literature, there are two kinds of conflict: EXTERNAL and INTERNAL EXTERNAL conflict deals with an opposing force OUTSIDE the character INTERNAL conflict deals with an opposing force WITHIN the character Synonyms Argument Fight Battle Disagreement

6. Types of Conflict: EXTERNAL CONFLICTS Character versus nature Character versus character Character versus society

7. Types of Conflict: INTERNAL CONFLICT Character versus self

8. EXTERNAL CONFLICT INTERNAL CONFLICT Character versus character Character versus self Character versus nature Character versus society With a partner, think of a mutual books and determine character conflicts for each.

9. Literary Device: Figurative Language Metaphor – comparison of one thing through the means of something unrelated Example: A blanket of snow covered the field

10. Literary Device: Figurative Language Simile – the words like or as are used to compare one object or idea with another to suggest they are alike Example: The road twisted like a corkscrew.

11. Literary Device: Figurative Language Personification – human characteristics given to an animal or object Example: The waves dance along the shore.

12. Literary Device: Figurative Language Hyperbole – an exaggerated statement used for emphasis Example: I have so much homework, I need a dump truck to get my books home.

13. Literary Device: Sound Device Alliteration – repetition of the initial (beginning) consonant sound Example: The red roses were wrapped in ribbons.

14. Literary Device: Sound Device Assonance – repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words Example: The snow in the rose garden groaned.

15. Literary Device: Sound Device Consonance – repetition of consonant sounds in the middle or end of nearby words Example: Walk your walk and don't look back, always do what you decide Nico & Vinz – Am I wrong https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opGw9aS5PTU

16. Literary Device: Sound Device Onomatopoeia – words used to imitate a natural sound

17. Literary Device: Sound Device Repetition – repeated phrases and words Marry that girl Marry her anyway Marry that girl No matter what you say Marry that girl And we'll be a family Why you gotta be so Rude Why you gotta be so Rude Why you gotta be so Rude Magic! - Rude https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYYiCX-RoHw

18. Literary Device: Sound Device Rhyme Scheme – the pattern of rhymed lines in a poem There once was a big brown cat. A That liked to eat a lot of mice. B He got all round and fat. A Because they tasted so nice. B

19. Poetic Forms and Structures Stanza – a group of lines in a poem You may write me down in history With your bitter, twisted lies, You may tread me in the very dirt But still, like dust, I'll rise. Does my sassiness upset you? Why are you beset with gloom? 'Cause I walk like I've got oil wells Pumping in my living room. Just like moons and like suns, With the certainty of tides, Just like hopes springing high, Still I'll rise. “Still I Rise” by Maya Angelou

20. Poetic Forms and Structures Couplet – two lines that usually rhyme Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow That I shall say good night till it be morrow. Romeo and Juliet II.ii.188-9 By William Shakespeare

21. Poetic Forms and Structures Quatrain – four lined poem that usually rhymes Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening By Robert Frost He gives his harness bells a shake A To ask if there's some mistake. A The only other sound's the sweep B Of easy wind and downy flake. A

22. Sestina poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas have the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern, and with all six words appear in the closing three-line envoi. (envoi – a short stanza at the end of a poem)

23. Envoi – a short stanza at the end of a poem  Look at the end of the sestinas in Keesha’s House for examples of envoi. Poetic Forms and Structures

24. Free Verse – neither a set pattern of rhythm or rhyme Well, son, I’ll tell you: Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. It’s had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor— Bare. But all the time I’se been a-climbin’ on, And reachin’ landin’s, And turnin’ corners, And sometimes goin’ in the dark Where there ain’t been no light. So boy, don’t you turn back. Don’t you set down on the steps ’Cause you finds it’s kinder hard. Don’t you fall now— For I’se still goin’, honey, I’se still climbin’, And life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. Mother to Son By Langston Hughes

25. Sonnet A 14-line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, and contains three QUATRAINS and one COUPLET. The rhyme scheme is usually ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG. William Shakespeare Sonnet Number 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? A Thou art more lovely and more temperate: B Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A And summer's lease hath all too short a date: B Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, C And often is his gold complexion dimmed, D And every fair from fair sometime declines, C By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: D But thy eternal summer shall not fade, E Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, F Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, E When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, F So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, G So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. G

26. Vignette a short impressionistic scene that focuses on one moment or gives a direct impression about a character, idea, setting, or object.

27. Visual/Mood Devices Imagery – descriptive language that creates a vivid impression They walked together through the narrow streets of Tangier. Everywhere there were stalls with items for sale. They reached the center of a large plaza where the market was held. There were thousands of people there, arguing, selling, and buying; vegetables for sale amongst daggers, and carpets displayed alongside tobacco.

28. Visual/Mood Devices Sensory – details related to sight, sound, taste, touch, smell, movement "At the next table a woman stuck her nose in a novel; a college kid pecked at a laptop. Overlaying all this, a soundtrack: choo-k-choo-k-choo-k-choo-k-choo-k--the metronomic rhythm of an Amtrak train rolling down the line to California, a sound that called to mind an old camera reel moving frames of images along a linear track, telling a story.“ Andy Isaacson, "Riding the Rails."

29. 29 Tone Tone is the author’s attitude toward their writing (characters and the situation) and their readers. Tone Tone is established through setting, diction, and syntax. Tone Tone can be any range of attitudes, emotions, and feelings Tone

30. Visual/Mood Devices NOTE: T in Tone T in auThor

31. AmiableConsolingFriendlyPlayful AmusedContent Happy Pleasant Appreciative Dreamy HopefulProud Authoritative Ecstatic Impassioned Relaxed Benevolent Elated JovialReverent Brave Elevated Joyful Romantic Calm Encouraging Jubilant Soothing Cheerful Energetic LightheartedSurprised Cheery Enthusiastic Loving Sweet Compassionate Excited Optimistic Sympathetic Complimentary Exuberant Passionate Vibrant Confident Fanciful Peaceful Whimsical 31

32. Accusing Choleric Furious Quarrelsome Aggravated Coarse Harsh Shameful Agitated Cold Haughty Smooth Angry Condemnatory Hateful Snooty Apathetic Condescending Hurtful Superficial Arrogant Contradictory Indignant Surly Artificial Critical Inflammatory Testy Audacious Desperate Insulting Threatening Belligerent Disappointed Irritated Tired Bitter Disgruntled Manipulative Uninterested Boring Disgusted Obnoxious Wrathful Brash Disinterested Outraged Childish Facetious Passive 32

33. Visual/Mood Devices Mood – the emotion the reader feels through the style, form, and devices used Note: D in mooD D in reaDer

34. Reading and Analysis:  RA2. I can identify theme and use literary terms and figurative language when describing and analyzing texts and know their purpose in the literature such as (but not limited to) metaphor, simile, imagery, repetition, symbol, allusion (historical and literary), personification, irony (situational, verbal, and dramatic), etc.  Fiction a. I can analyze the allegory, motifs, archetypes, and universal themes of a given text as it relates to humanity Writing:  W3. I can make my purpose clear by creating an assertion/thesis statement. Today’s Target

35. Motif, Diction, Syntax, Symbol, Allegory

36. Q. How would you describe The House on Mango Street? A. It’s like a collection of little stories. You could read one or you could read the whole thing. You don’t have to read the whole thing, but if you do it’s like a necklace of stories… Q. Did its publication play a role in the acceptance of Latino culture in the United States? A. I think it did. Many people have said it was how they came to know about Latino life. Some people don’t have any contact with Latino life except maybe this book. The most intimate relationship they have with the Latino community is reading this book. Published in 1984, the book was not an overnight success. http://www.aarp.org/entertainment/books/info-04- 2009/sandra_cisneros_house_on_mango_street_25th_anniversary.html

37. MOTIF: an image, idea, or symbol that develops or explains a theme while a theme is a central idea or message. MOTIF (details repeated in a pattern of meaning) can produce theme. motif 1 + motif 2 + motif 3 = theme MotifTheme Repeated detail/image/idea/symbol Message, statement, idea

38. What do these symbols represent to you?

39. A symbol can be an event, object, person, or animal to which an extraordinary meaning or significance has been attached. With a partner, discuss what these symbols mean to you. Differences? Join another group and see if there are any variations of meaning.

40. Symbols can be inherited or invented. Example - The Statue of Liberty came to symbolize freedom for people immigrating to the United States by way of Ellis Island.

41.  Symbols allow writers to suggest layers of meaning and possibility that a simple literal statement could not convey as well. Symbols allow writers to convey an idea with layers of meaning without having to explain those layers in the text. A symbol is like a pebble cast into a pond: It sends out ever widening ripples. Pair/Share: Tell your partner a symbol from one of your readings last year – think To Kill a Mockingbird.

42. http://esl-bits.net/ESL.English.Learning.Audiobooks/Mango_Street/Part01/default.html

43. Listen to/Read along with the vignette “The House on Mango Street” underline instances of motif  Read and reread.  Read again.

44. BE CERTAIN TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN MRS. KELLY’S SLIDES AND MS. RAGGHIANTI’S SLIDES

45. When you have identified some examples of motif (repetitions), send your motifs to: 2nd period : text 25799 and your message to 37607 25799 37607

46. When you have identified some examples of motif (repetitions), send your motifs to: 3rd period : text 25801 and your message to 37607 25801 37607

47. When you have identified some examples of motif (repetitions), send your motifs to: 5th period : text 29777 and your message to 37607 29777 37607

48. When you have identified some examples of motif (repetitions), send your motifs to: 4th period : text 25799 and your message to 37607 190906 37607

49. When you have identified some examples of motif (repetitions), send your motifs to: 6th period : text 25799 and your message to 37607 190909 37607

50. From your responses, what appears to be an overwhelming motif in this vignette? What does this motif represent or symbolize? MotifRepresents/Symbolizes

51. Now, we develop an assertion/thesis statement based on our discovery of a motif and its representation/symbolism in the vignette. In the vignette “The House on Mango Street,” Cisneros uses the motif of house and its elements as a symbol of ______________________ _______________________________.

52. In the vignette “The House on Mango Street,” Cisneros uses the motif of house and its elements as a symbol of journey toward success and pride.

53. STOP HERE

55. Reading and Analysis: R4. I can analyze the author’s style ( diction, tone, syntax, and voice) and describe its effects on purpose and theme. Vocabulary V3. I can analyze the meaning of a word using its denotation and connotation. Writing: W3. I can make my purpose clear by creating a thesis statement. Target diction

56. The choice and use of words and phrases Diction is an author’s choice of words and phrases modified by their own unique style; also called the author’s voice. We vary diction depending on different contexts and settings Sophisticated Formal Informal Colloquial Slang Colloquial- used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary; often regional

57. Diction Defines Style and Character: Like a good closet of clothes, a skillful author selects the appropriate “verbal wardrobe”: to fit the occasion or situation to reach the audience to achieve the purpose  Wedding – dress clothes and nice shoes  Friend’s house – jeans and a shirt  Beach – bathing suit and flip-flops 57

58. For instance, the used car salesman speaks in repeated clichés and slang such as, “Gotta do it today; it’s a real bargain”, or “This deal’s a steal”; Some characters speak in more formal language, “You must vacate the premises immediately”. Other characters speak in colloquial language showing their lack of “proper” education. “Shucks, Pa, Ain’t no use fightin’ ‘em…”. Many authors use various sorts of diction to distinguish their characters one from the other. 58

59. Type of Diction AudiencePurposeExampleSophisticated Highly educated or refined To impress The meal was exquisite. Formal Strangers, notables; professional To show good manners My stomach is full. Informal Friends and Colleagues To share feelings I am stuffed with food. Colloquial Family and close friends To share feelings without pretense That there finger lickin’ grub stuffed my gut. Slang Close friends To be cool and “in” I’m so done. I’m gonna explode. 59

60. Denotation and Connotation are Cultural Nuances of Diction: 60 MORE DENOTATION Dictionary Definition CONNOTATION Cultural Definition Connotation a idea or feeling a work invokes; loaded words packed with extra meaning from cultural experience Denotation literal or primary meaning of a word; dictionary definition

61. WordDenotation (dictionary definition) Connotation (cultural definition) Birthday The date of one’s birth, or the annual celebration of the event of one’s birth Party, presents, friends, cake, candles, ice-cream, relatives Wedding The ceremony where vows of marriage are exchanged between two people Friends, presents, reception, bachelor party, showers, tuxedo, wedding dress, photos, cake, relatives War Armed combat between adversaries on a large scale Guns, bullets, killing, blood, tears, fear, hatred, loneliness, tanks, mortars, violence, bombs, devastation 61

62. http://esl-bits.net/ESL.English.Learning.Audiobooks/Mango_Street/Part01/default.html 4:08-FLS 4:52 SLS

63. Paragraph One broom lazy never obeys thick straight slippery - slides out of your hand hair like fur Paragraph Two little rosettes little candy circles curly pretty pin curls sweet holding you feel safe warm smell of bread makes room for you bed still warm with her skin sleep near rain outside falling snoring Positive connotation? Negative connotation? Formal? Informal? Colloquial? Slang?

64. In your packet, answer the following question: Then… How does her language characterize her?

65. Now, we develop an assertion/thesis statement based on our discussion of diction and its importance in characterization. In the vignette “Hairs,” Sandra Cisneros’ use of diction characterizes the speaker as _________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________________________.

66. In the vignette “Hairs,” Sandra Cisneros’ use of diction characterizes the speaker as a young girl who identifies with her father and siblings, yet adores her mother.

67. 67 Syntax Defines Style Through Variety of Sentence Structure: Syntax refers to sentence structure and the variation of phrases and clauses within, which the author manipulates : to fit the occasion or situation to reach their audience to achieve their purpose. SYNTAX

68. Syntax variations Examples of syntax variations for emphasis Inversion Carried (V), she (S) was, by others in her study group. Carried (V), she (S) was, by others in her study group. The verb of the sentence is placed before the subject. Juxtaposition Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind. Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind. The italicized words are opposite in meaning giving a sudden contrast of ideas that signals something is wrong. Repetition I have a dream that all men are equal; I have a dream that my sons can aspire to the highest positions; I have a dream… I have a dream that all men are equal; I have a dream that my sons can aspire to the highest positions; I have a dream… is a clause that is repeated 17 times in the famous Martin Luther King speech for dramatic effect. Rhetorical Question Shall we not rise up and be counted, make our cause be known? If we do not, we are fool-hardy in that choice. Shall we not rise up and be counted, make our cause be known? If we do not, we are fool-hardy in that choice. A question posed, and then answered. The function is to prod the listener to thought. Parallel Structure Marlene enjoyed the outdoor sports of skiing, hiking and riding horses. Marlene enjoyed the outdoor sports of skiing, hiking and riding horses. Items or ideas in a series must appear in the same grammatical form. Punctuation. Upon discovering the errors—all 124 of them—the publisher immediately recalled the books.. Here, the dash is used to signal an extended pause for dramatic effect. 68

69. Syntax variations Examples of syntax variations for emphasis FragmentIn Japan, during the last war and just before the armistice. A sentence requires a subject and predicate (verb) to be a complete sentence. Run-onThis computer doesn't make sense to me, it came without a manual. A run-on sentence can be two independent sentences connected by a comma (comma-splice). Correct: This computer doesn’t make sense to me. It came without a manual. 69

70. syntaxLook over the syntax of the sentences in the reading. Are the sentences complete? Are they fragments or run-ons? Are the sentences similar in style and structure? Are the sentences casual or professional? syntaxWhat does the STRUCTURE of syntax tell us about the character? Analysis Syntax

71. Create a thesis statement regarding Cisneros’ use of syntax to develop the character’s voice. In the vignette “Boys & Girls,” Cisneros’ choice of syntax employs ____________ and ________________ to develop the character’s voice as _____________________ _____________________________________. Thesis Statement

72. In the vignette “Boys & Girls,” Cisneros’ choice of syntax employs fragments and repetition to develop the character’s voice as a young girl with hopes and dreams to have friends beyond her family members.

73. STOP HERE

74. Send a text message response to 37607 2nd - poll number is 314808 3rd – poll number 314813 5th – poll number 314814

75. Send a text message response to 37607 4th - poll number is 315122 6th – poll number 315124

76. SymbolAllegory Tone Literary Device Analyzed: Symbol, Allegory, and Tone The House on Mango Street “My Name”

77. Reading and Analysis: imagerysymbol RA2. I can identify theme and use literary terms and figurative language when describing and analyzing texts and know their purpose in the literature such as (but not limited to) metaphor, simile, imagery, repetition, symbol, allusion (historical and literary), personification, irony (situational, verbal, and dramatic), etc. allegory a. I can analyze the allegory, motifs, archetypes, and universal themes of a given text as it relates to humanity tone RA4. I can analyze the author’s style (diction,, tone, syntax, and voice) and describe its effects on purpose and theme. Writing: W3. I can make my purpose clear by creating a thesis statement. Today’s Targettone,

78. What do these symbols represent to you?

79. A symbol can be an event, object, person, or animal to which an extraordinary meaning or significance has been attached. With a partner, discuss what these symbols mean to you. Differences? Join another group and see if there are any variations of meaning.

80. Symbols can be inherited or invented. Example - The Statue of Liberty came to symbolize freedom for people immigrating to the United States by way of Ellis Island.

81.  Symbols allow writers to suggest layers of meaning and possibility that a simple literal statement could not convey as well. Symbols allow writers to convey an idea with layers of meaning without having to explain those layers in the text. A symbol is like a pebble cast into a pond: It sends out ever widening ripples. Pair/Share: Tell your partner a symbol from one of your readings last year – think To Kill a Mockingbird.

82.  Allegory – characters, settings, actions, words, phrases, stories that stand for something beyond themselves  Allegory – can represent abstract ideas of moral qualities, dilemmas, social/political statements, historical figures and events, more Synonyms for allegory – parable, analogy, metaphor, symbol

83. Symbol – word, place, character, or object that means something beyond what it is on a literal level. Allegory – uses many interconnected symbols or allegorical figures in a way that most every element of the narrative has a meaning beyond the literal level; it is the UNDERLYING MEANING (not the in-your-face meaning).

84. Fight Club: United States’ society values, beliefs, and actions; conformity versus nonconformity Avatar: Extermination of Native Americans for land, riches, and wealth With a partner, choose two of the movies listed and discuss possible allegories and symbols. As a class, discuss some of your ideas. As a class, discuss the symbols and possible allegories in The Hunger Games (movies and/or books).

85. 85 Tone Tone is the author’s attitude toward their writing (characters and the situation) and their readers. Tone Tone is established through setting, diction, and syntax. Tone Tone can be any range of attitudes, emotions, and feelings… Tone

86. AmiableConsolingFriendlyPlayful AmusedContent Happy Pleasant Appreciative Dreamy HopefulProud Authoritative Ecstatic Impassioned Relaxed Benevolent Elated JovialReverent Brave Elevated Joyful Romantic Calm Encouraging Jubilant Soothing Cheerful Energetic LightheartedSurprised Cheery Enthusiastic Loving Sweet Compassionate Excited Optimistic Sympathetic Complimentary Exuberant Passionate Vibrant Confident Fanciful Peaceful Whimsical 86

87. Accusing Choleric Furious Quarrelsome Aggravated Coarse Harsh Shameful Agitated Cold Haughty Smooth Angry Condemnatory Hateful Snooty Apathetic Condescending Hurtful Superficial Arrogant Contradictory Indignant Surly Artificial Critical Inflammatory Testy Audacious Desperate Insulting Threatening Belligerent Disappointed Irritated Tired Bitter Disgruntled Manipulative Uninterested Boring Disgusted Obnoxious Wrathful Brash Disinterested Outraged Childish Facetious Passive 87

88. Underline Listen to the vignette “My Name” and pay attention to possible symbols and allegories. Underline and things that may have a deeper meaning, an underlying meaning, a not “in-your- face meaning” of words, phrases, objects, ideas, etc. – ANNOTATE! http://esl-bits.net/ESL.English.Learning.Audiobooks/Mango_Street/Part01/default.html 6:35 FLS/7:45 SLS Read again and continue underlining, circling, and annotating. circle

89. POLL EVERYWHERE! Send a text message response to 37607 1 st period - poll number is 718992 2 nd period – none; next slide 7 th period– poll number 719067 List five possible symbols or allegories from the vignette "My Name.”

90. With a partner, discuss your symbols and allegories and what they might mean/represent. As a class, share and discuss. 2 nd period - Discussion

92. Reading and Analysis: imagerysymbol RA2. I can identify theme and use literary terms and figurative language when describing and analyzing texts and know their purpose in the literature such as (but not limited to) metaphor, simile, imagery, repetition, symbol, allusion (historical and literary), personification, irony (situational, verbal, and dramatic), etc. allegory a. I can analyze the allegory, motifs, archetypes, and universal themes of a given text as it relates to humanity tone RA4. I can analyze the author’s style (diction,, tone, syntax, and voice) and describe its effects on purpose and theme. Writing: W3. I can make my purpose clear by creating a thesis statement. Targettone,

93. Vignette - short impressionistic scene that focuses on one moment or gives an insightful impression about a character, idea, setting, or object. Motif - a recurring element seen in a text with a larger meaning; is any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story. Through its repetition, a motif can help produce other literary aspects such as theme or mood.