1. OVERVIEW OF E WASTE CHALLENGES IN AFRICA By Prof Oladele Osibanjo BCCC-Africa in Nigeria 03 may 3013 @ CICG Geneva

2. Overview E Products Consumption In Africa E waste Challenges Way Forward for ESM of E-waste

3. Electrical Electronic Equipment Typology

4. : Distribution of basic ICT access indicators in Africa as percentage of the world LandlinesPC population CellularInternet Internet Users LinesHosts Africa20,043,1007,556,00011,295,000274,7426,735,700 World9,281,040,000495,366,000727,186,200141,382,198498,666,700 Percent0.221.530.160.191.35. ­­­­­­­­­ Figure 3: Comparison of ICT penetrations in Africa with selected countries. Source: Data adapted from Ya ’ u 2005.

5. PCs In Use By Regions

6. END of LIFE EEE READY FOR EXPORT

7. GeSI & StEP E-waste Academy 7 7 E-waste : Where did it all start and end up ? Known Sources Known and Suspected Destinations Sources: CBS News, Abiresearch, US-EPA, BAN, SVTC

8. THE E-WASTE DISCHARGED AT LAGOS PORTS (Fig. A) & SOLD AT THE COMPUTER VILLAGE (Fig. B) Fig. AFig. B Fig 6: Apapa Port of Entry Fig 7: Computer Village, Surulere, Lagos

9. Lagos, Nigeria 2005 Lagos, Nigeria 2005

10. 500 Containers/month for “Re-use”

11. ON SALE IN NIGERIA: MOBILE PHONES & A VARIETY OF EoL EEE

13. GeSI & StEP E-waste Academy 13 GeSI & StEP E-waste Academy 13 1. Repair & refurbish 2. Collect 3. Dismantling / pre-processing Refurbishers Scrap metal workers (sometimes “scavengers”) Structure of E-waste management in Africa : Social Factors

14. 10 May 2009 Second session of the International Conference on Chemicals Management 14  Open Burning for disposal of used computers in open dumpsite in Lagos Cables collected for open burning and material recovery in Ghana Open burning of cables for material recovery in Ghana 20 - 21 July 2009 14 Young man repairing PWB of computer waste in Lagos

15. E-waste Generation in Africa In 2005 Africa generated approx. 2% of the worlds PC waste. Africa’s consumption of EEE is growing fast: PCs x10 and mobile phones x100 over the last decade. This will in turn increase the amount of e-waste generated in the future. in absolute numbers, Nigeria dominates the region in the total amount of used and new EEE imports, total number of EEE in use and the subsequent total amount of e-waste generated. E-waste generated in 2009/2010 were :Benin (9,700 tonnes); Cote d’lvoire (15,000 tonnes); Ghana (179,000 tonnes) and Nigeria (1,100,000 tonnes) respectively In 2010, 50-85 percent of e-waste generated in Africa has been generated domestically, equating to 650,000– 1,000,000 tonnes of e-waste per annum. By 2017 Africa could generate more e-waste than EU.

16. In 2005 Africa generated approx. 2% of the worlds PC waste RegionMio PiecesTonnes North America36,7807 Latin America & Caribbean5,9137 Europe24,8549 Middle East2,045 Africa1,639 Central Asia0,922 East Asia25,7595 Total97,72194 Presented at R’09: Mueller E., Schluep M. et al.(2009). Assessment of e-waste flows: a probabilistic approach to quantify e-waste based on world ICT and development indicators. R’09 Twin World Congress, Davos/ Switzerland and Nagoya/ Japan, 14-16 September.

17. … posing various challenges to Africa throughout the material life cycle of EEE Import Consume Collect Refurbish Dismantle Recover Lead Recover Copper Dump WEEE EEE Photos by Empa

18. Africa is moving forward - various activities and initiatives to solve the problem are on the way Studies Recycling pilots Etc., etc. Guidelines, policies, etc.

19. Conclusion and Recommendations Yes Africa is moving on slowly in finding sustainable solutions to the e-waste challenge. Formation of ‘’e-waste African Alliance ‘’ grew tangentially out of the project However progress varies greatly and the biggest effort still lies ahead in addressing Policy and Legislation including enforcement; Business and Financial models, Technology and Skills acquisition /capacity building, Monitoring and Control, Marketing and Awareness. EU-Africa Enforcement Network on the control of illegal traffic in E-waste, an output of the SBC E-waste Africa project, provides an excellent opportunity in networking in Africa, with EU and the international community. Since capacities are differentiated and variable in different African countries a regional approach would be more efficient and cost effective in developing and implementing solutions. Capacity building acquired during E-waste Africa Project on E- waste Inventory and Country Assessments can be leveraged for sub-regional and regional projects development and implementation. Africa should explore the economic opportunities in e-waste but with adequate environmental and human health safeguards. ex

20. 20 - 21 July 2009 NESREA International Conference on E-Waste Control, Abuja 20