1. Marketing 36 Foundations of Technology

2. Marketing Today, there are thousands of products available to each of us. These product must be marketed. Potential customers must be told about them. Generally, advertising and marketing do this task.

3. Marketing When the idea for a product or service is being developed, the inventors create a marketing plan. The marketing plan specifies the intended customers, expected sales, and possible advertising and sales methods.

4. Marketing Marketing a product means telling the public about it, as well as assisting in selling and distributing it. It involves gauging what the public wants and then advertising and selling products to customers.

5. Marketing Ads are delivered in several ways. Some are placed in magazines and newspapers. Other are aired on radio and television. Still others are delivered through the mail or displayed on billboards and signs. A lot of advertising today is done through email and over the Internet.

6. Marketing Advertisements make people act. They bring customers to stores. There, the sales effort takes place. Sales people encourage customers to buy the product.

7. Marketing Marketing involves establishing a product’s identity, conducting research on its potential, advertising it, distributing it, and selling it. Marketing should be considered from the design stage of a product to its final sale.

8. Marketing Large corporations typically have their own marketing departments, whereas smaller companies with limited resources may contract with a marketing firm.

9. Marketing Products, structures, or services are of little value to companies unless they can sell them to customers. The products and structures must be exchanged for money. This is a challenge for marketing personnel.

10. Marketing Marketing efforts promote, sell, and distribute products, structures, and services. Specifically, marketing involves four important activities: –Market Research –Advertising –Sales –Distribution

11. Marketing Market research gathers information about the product’s market. This could include data about who will buy the product and where these people are located, in addition to their age, gender, and marital status.

12. Marketing Also, market research can measure the effectiveness of advertising campaigns, sales channels, or other marketing activities.

13. Marketing Advertising includes the print and electronic messages that promote a company or it products. Advertising can also present ideas to promote safety or public health.

14. Marketing Advertising is designed to cause people to take action (buy a certain product) or think differently (buckle your seat belt while riding in an automobile).

15. Marketing Closely related to advertising is packaging. This activity deals with designing, producing, and filling containers. The packages are designed to promote the product through colorful or interesting designs.

16. Marketing Packaging also protects the product during shipment and display. Finally, the packages must include information that helps the customer select and use the product wisely.

17. Marketing Sales is the activity that involves the physical exchange of products for money. It includes sales planning, which develops selling methods and selects and trains sales personnel for their efforts.

18. Marketing Sales, also, includes the act of selling. This involves approaching customers, presenting the product, and closing the sale. This series of steps is all part of the sales operations. The end result of sales operations is an order from the customer and income for the company.

19. Marketing Distribution is physically moving the product from the producer to the consumer. The consumer may be another company or a retail customer. Consumer products follow at least three common channels.

20. Marketing The product may move from the producer directly to the consumer. This channel is called direct sales. Sales of homes, encyclopedias, cosmetics, vacuum cleaners, and transportation services often use this channel.

21. Marketing In another channel, the producer sells the products or service directly to a retailer. The retailer then makes the items available to the customer. Franchised businesses, such as new automobile dealers or some restaurants, are an example of this distribution channel. The franchised business channel allows the producer to regulate the number of sales outlets and the quality of service that those outlets provide.

22. Marketing A third channel has the producer selling products to wholesalers. These businesses buy and take possession of the products. They, in turn, sell their commodities to retailers. The retailers then sell the commodities to the customer. In this channel, producers have little control over the retailers who are selling their products.

23. Marketing Salespeople sell expensive products, like automobiles and computers. They present the value of the products to the customer. Less expensive products (toothpicks and candles) are simply displayed. The customers’ actions are often based on the advertising effort, the appearance of the package, or previous experience with the product.

24. Marketing After a product or system is sold or leased, it is sometimes needs to be serviced. Servicing, or providing support after the sale has been made, is an important part of the manufacturing process. These services can include installing, troubleshooting, maintaining, and repairing.

25. Marketing As described earlier, research and development develops the product, structure, or service. Production produces the item, while marketing promotes and sells it. But, these activities cannot stand alone. They require money and people to make everything work.

26. Marketing Summary Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to satisfy customers A marketing plan specifies the intended customers, expected sales, and possible advertising and sales methods

27. Marketing Summary Marketing a product means telling the public about it, as well as assisting in selling and distributing it Advertisements make people act by using newspaper and magazine ads, radio and TV commercials, and electronic communication over the Internet

28. Marketing Summary Marketing involves establishing a product’s identity, conducting research on its potential, advertising it, distributing it, and selling it Marketing should be considered from the design stage of a product to its final sale

29. Marketing Summary Large corporations typically have their own marketing departments, whereas smaller companies with limited resources may contract with a marketing form Marketing involves four important activities: market research, advertising, sales, and distribution

30. Marketing Summary Market research gathers information about the product’s marketability Advertising includes the print and electronic messages that promote a company or it products Sales is the activity that involves the physical exchange of products for money

31. Marketing Summary Distribution is physically moving the product from the producer to the consumer. This channel is called direct sales In another channel, the producer sells the products or service directly to a retailer. The retailer then makes the items available to the customer

32. Marketing Summary A third channel has the producer selling products to wholesalers. These businesses buy and take possession of the products. They, in turn, sell their commodities to retailers, which then sell to the consumer

33. Marketing Summary The customers’ actions are often based on the advertising effort, the appearance of the package, or previous experience with the product

34. Marketing Summary Packaging is designed to promote the product through colorful or interesting designs Servicing, or providing support after the sale has been made, is an important part of the manufacturing process as well as marketing