1. Physical changes of ageing Unit 4

2. The physical changes Recap: Skin Bones Joints Muscles Senses- taste, smell, vision, hearing, balance

3. Cardiovascular Heart becomes less efficient at pumping blood Arteries can narrow- how and why? (Atherosclerosis- clogging up) leads to high BP. Athero- fatty deposit. Sclerosis- hardening arteries High BP can lead to stroke and heart attack What causes a stroke? Stroke - NHS Choices

4. Cardiovascular Fatty deposits can break away and cause a blockage in the artery resulting in coronary heart disease. Symptoms- breathlessness and chest pain Heart attack Heart attack - NHS ChoicesHeart attack - NHS Choices Myocardial infarction- symptoms? How can a person keep their heart healthy?

5. Respiratory Respiratory muscles weaken- breathing becomes harder Gas exchange become impaired as alveoli become damaged- (emphysema) Bronchitis can occur- inflammation of airways COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - NHS ChoicesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - NHS Choices What can make these conditions worse?

6. Nervous system Neurotransmitters may function less effectively Nerves cells are lost that activate muscles Motor neurone disease Motor neurone disease - NHS Choices

7. Musculoskeletal Reduction and shrinkage of skeletal muscle Food absorption becomes less efficient- leading to malnourishment Important vitamins and minerals are not absorbed (calcium, vitamin D etc) Arthritis- damage to joints

8. Skin Looses elasticity Wrinkles Ultraviolet light (sun damage)- age spots, rough leathery skin

9. Dementia Dementia is a disorder that causes damage to the structure and chemistry of the brain. A person with dementia may be confused and have problems with understanding what is happening around them, communicating, reasoning, finding their ways and remembering events.

10. Case study P 165 and P169

11. Activity Look at your person and give them a name Some may already have an obvious physical condition, others you can make up. Create a scenario of that persons life now that this physical change has happened: Where will they live? What treatments/ surgery will they require? What on going medical care will they need? What aids and support will they need? This can all be put into a care plan

12. What should a care plan include Name D.O.B- age Address Next of Kin Current location Personality Preferences Condition Symptoms Treatment Long term care People involved in the care