1. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop1 Controls for Combustion Optimization Dr. Martin Bergemann Dipl.-Ing. Harald Petermann

2. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop2

3. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop3 Afecor  is the association of the leading European controls manufacturers  has been established 1963  works to influence directives and standards ensuring safe, efficient and environment friendly use of primary energy sources.  holds seminars to exchange information between experts and stakeholders on legislation, technologies and market development  www.afecor.org The Association

4. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop4 Content Standards Sensor Types System Examples Safety Considerations Conclusions

5. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Industrieforum GAT5 Combustion Control – Relevant Standards Standards of CEN TC 58 "Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels“ EN 13611Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas burning appliances – General requirements EN 14459Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels – Control functions in electronic systems – Methods for classification and assessment; EN 298Automatic burner control systems for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels EN 12067-2Gas/air ratio controls for gas burners and gas burning appliances. Part 2: Electronic types EN 16340Combustion product sensing devices for gas burners and gas burning appliances; EN 1854Pressure sensing devices for gas burners and gas burning appliances

6. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop6 Sensor Types +no extra sensor +low cost -contamination -drift +simple +moderate cost -accuracy (method) -implementation +accurate +wide range -high cost -aux. heating IonisationTemperatureFlue Gas O 2,CO

7. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop7 Zirconium Oxide Sensor Source: Lamtec

8. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop8 Combustion Control Residential Boiler Source: Siemens

9. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop9 Performance Example Residential Boiler Source: Viessmann

10. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop10 Oxygen Trim Control Commercial Dual Fuel Source: Siemens

11. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop11 Combustion Control – Safety Considerations The adaptive combustion control system has to be integrated into the safety concept of the gas burning appliance If the sensor fails, the appliance has to return to a safe mode For ionisation sensors a failure of the sensor leads to a safety-shutdown. Sensor deterioration is being compensated for as a matter of calibration cycles For flue gas sensors which are not fail safe in itself or being supervised by other means, only a limited trim of the lambda value is possible

12. European Control Manufacturers Association February 27 th 2014Gas Sensor Workshop12 Conclusion  Combustion optimization solutions do exist for residential and commercial applications  Implementation of systems integrated into the combustion chamber often requires a lot of engineering, the cost of which often offsets the low price of the sensors  Systems measuring the flue will mostly do minor adjustments for safety reasons  Sensor development is underway so that less expensive solutions will become available in the next few years