1. G.H. PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT – Fluid Flow Operations Name : URVISH J SONI 130110105059 KINAR THAKORE 130110105058 PRATIK VASOYA 130110105060

2. TOPIC Study and design of pipes with its industrial applications, market price with different industrial applications. Introduction to C.F.D. simulation of pipes

3. PIPE : A pipe is a hollow cylinder following certain dimension rules and basically used for transportation of fluids.Further they can be modified to different dimensions and structure according to the quantity and the type of fluid transported. The pipes can also be designed according to the temperature and pressure conditions.

4. API 5LX42 SSAW PIPE O.D. =219-2540mm WALL=5-25.4mm THICKNESS=3-18mm Ends -Threaded Surface Treatment - Black Painted, Corrosion Resistant Coating Section shape - Round Inspection - Eddy Current, Infrared test Application - Used in oil and gas industry Cost -U.S. $510-700

5. PSP STEEL PLASTIC COMPOSITE PIPE THICKNESS =2-6.5mm Type – Seamless Section Shape – Round Linear Coefficient-0.000012/c Of Expansion Characteristics -The inner wall is smooth, fluid transportation, small resistance. Corrosion resistant to various Acids Alkali salt solution. Application - Construction engineering, Chemical Industries Cost -U.S. $ 600-800

6. LIGHT H.D.P.E PIPE THICKNESS =2-82.4mm LENGTH =3-12mm Pressure -0.6-1.6 mPa Material -High density polyethene Characteristics -Long lifespan -Wear resistant - Good corrosion resistant -Less coefficient of friction -Anti scratch ability Applications -Transportation of sand and slurry Cost -U.S. $3-12

7. SEAMLESS NICKLE PIPE Type - Nickel pipe Composition - 99.5% Ni Resistance - 1.5 Application - Petrochemical & Electronic Industry Material - Alloy Section shape - Circle Characteristics – Corrosion Resistance Long lifespan Wear Resistant Cost - U.S. $25-50/kg

8. ROCK WOOL PIPE Length - 1000mm Thickness - 30-200mm Density - 80-170kg/mm3 Main component - Basalt (raw material) Thermal - <0.041w/mk Conductivity Water absorption - <2% Per volume Temperature - <1.0% Absorption rate Application - Industrial furnace heat Insulation - Chemical industry heat Insulation Cost - U.S. $ 150-200/kg

9. ALLOY SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE C0.17-0.23 Cr0.35 Si0.37 Ni0.30 Cu0.25 Thickness - 1-150mm Length - 3-120m Section shape -Round,square,hexagonal Application - Used in boiler industry Material - Alloy Cost - U.S. $800-1200/ton CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

10. HIGH PRESSURE THICK WALL STAINLESS STEEL PIPE Thickness - 2-80mm O.D. - 8-760mm Length - 2-12 m Section shape - Round Surface Treatment - Base,paint or Bitumen Inspection - Eddy current Infrared x-ray test Application - Used for petroleum Power,gas,aviation, boiler heat exchen. Cost - U.S. $800-1500/ ton

11. C.F.D Simulation of Pipes C.F.D- Computational fluid dynamics A computational technology that enables you to study the dynamics of things or fluids that flow Using C.F.D you build a computational model that represents a system or device that you want to study. It is an analysis technique that not only predicts fluid flow behavior but also transfer of heat, phase change, chemical reaction, mass etc.

12. EXAMPLE Forces acting Radial pressure gradient created by centrifugal force acting on the fluid. Because of this the fluid moves outwards and then come back inwards. The pressure loss suffered in a bend are caused by both friction and momentum exchanges resulting from a change in direction flow. Both these factors depend on bend angle, curvature ratio, and the Reynolds number

13. CONTD…. The overall pressure drop can be expressed as a sum of 2 components; 1) That resulting from friction in straight pipe 2) Resulting from losses due tom change in direction. The pressure drop in a bend can be calculated as Fs = Moody frictional factor Rb= The bend radius u = The mean flow velocity θ = The bend angle Kb= The bend loss coefficient

15. VELOCITY SIMULATION OF PIPES Flow simulation explains potential flow measurement bad accuracy. Flow profile maximum velocity is concentrated close to the pipe wall which causes additional flow measurement error.