1. The Ethical Use of Data by Government Agencies By Sean Pugh

2. Introduction  How do government agencies collect data?  When does it become unethical?  Can the government keep this information secure?  How does data retention affect efficiency?

3. Data Collection Methods  Computers and the Internet  Backdoors: already existing or implemented by request.  More than 200 undersea cables siphoning gigabytes of data everyday (Zetter, 2015).  Telecommunications  Secret court order to gather telephone records and metadata (Greenwald, MacAskill & Ackerman, 2013).

4. Ethics  Privacy  Wiretapping  Almost 200 million text messages a day from across the globe (Ball, 2014).  Location, contact networks and credit card details (Ball, 2014)  Targeting Non-target Civilians  Intimate pictures, messages, mental-health information (Gellman, Tate & Soltani, 2014).

5. Information Security  Security Breaches  Office of Personal Management: 5.6 million. Names, address, social security numbers and even fingerprints (Nalor, 2015).  Current Improvements  The Wyvern programming language: multiple computer languages on the same platform (Geer, 2014).

6. Data Oversaturation and its Effects  Data Oversaturation  Nine of the ten listed targets were non intended targets (Gellman, Tate & Soltani, 2014).  The Effect of Oversaturation  Mass surveillance programs are no longer effective (Whittacker, 2015).  Important information can be overlooked or missed (Whittacker, 2015).  Less Hay in the Haystack?

7. Conclusion  Methods  Ethics  Security  Oversaturation

8. References  Ball, J. (2014, January 16). NSA collects millions of text messages daily in 'untargeted' global sweep. The Guardian.  Geer, D. (2014, September 16). New NSA-funded programming language could close long-standing security holes. Retrieved October 11, 2015, from http://www.csoonline.com/article/2684236/data-protection/new-nsa-funded- programming-language-could-close-long-standing-security-holes.html  Gellman, B., Tate, J., & Soltani, A. (2014, July 5). In NSA-intercepted data, those not targeted far outnumber the foreigners who are. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 9, 2015, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/in-nsa-intercepted- data-those-not-targeted-far-outnumber-the-foreigners-who- are/2014/07/05/8139adf8-045a-11e4-8572-4b1b969b6322_story.html  Greenwald, G., MacAskill, E., & Ackerman, S. (2013, June 6). NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily. The Guardian.

9. References (cont.)  Nalor, B. (2015, September 23). OPM Now Says Fingerprints Of More Than 5 Million People Stolen. Retrieved October 10, 2015, from http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/23/442861282/opm-now- says-more-than-5-million-fingerprints-were-stolen-in-cyberattack  Whittacker, Z. (2015, April 30). NSA is so overwhelmed with data, it's no longer effective, says whistleblower | ZDNet. Retrieved October 10, 2015, from http://www.zdnet.com/article/nsa-whistleblower-overwhelmed-with- data-ineffective/  Zetter, K. (2015, September 25). New Reports Describe More Mass Surveillance And Schemes to Undermine Encryption. Wired.