1. What is an orchestra? An orchestra is a large group of musicians playing together. Includes Brass, Woodwind and many _________ instruments. String

2. 2 The basic make-up of the orchestra was established in the: 18 th Century The _________ period of music classical

3. An orchestra includes four different families of instruments: Strings Woodwinds Brass Percussion

4. String Instruments The string instruments can be also called Chordophones They produce sounds when their tightly strings are: Rubbed (played with the bow) Plucked Struck

5. All woodwind instruments were originally made of ______, though today some are made of ______. For most woodwinds, players blow air past a _____ to make it vibrate. Woodwind and Brass instruments Can also be called _____________ because? reed wood metal. air must be blown through them to make sound. aerophones

6. Brass Instruments A brass player must buzz his or her lips while blowing into a mouthpiece to make vibrations. Brass instruments were traditionally made of brass (a mixture of copper and zinc), but today other metals are also used.

7. Percussion Instruments Percussion Instruments fall into two groups: Membranophones Idiophones

8. An essential part of any orchestra is the: C___________ Conductor

10. The ________ is the leader of the orchestra Conductor

11. What does the conductor do? Moves their hands and arms to direct the players Sometimes they use a stick called a _______ With the baton, they trace _____ ________ in the air Baton Beat Patterns

12. The Baton Makes a little bounce called an _____ on each beat Ictus

13. Conductors Beat Patterns Duple (two beats in a bar)

14. Triple (three beats in a bar) Conductors Beat Patterns

15. Quadruple – (four beats in a bar)

16. The Conductor controls these parts of the music: The speed of the music The volume of the music How loudly different sections play compared to each other. T_____ D_______ B_______ Tempo Dynamics Balance

17. How sharply or gently the players begin their notes. Showing groups of players when to begin playing Showing the emotions in the music. The Conductor controls these parts of the music: A________ C___ E________ Articulation Cues Expression

18. Unscramble these famous conductors of the 20th Century Arturo CINANTOSI Herbert von JAKNAAR Leopold KWTOKOSIS Eugene MORNDAY Leonard STEBENIRN JoAnn LAFLATET Arturo TOSCANINI Herbert von KARAJAN Leopold STOKOWSKI Eugene ORMANDY Leonard BERNSTEIN JoAnn FALLETTA

19. The Violin and Viola

20. 20 The Violin and Viola are the two higher pitched members of the ______ family. They both have _____ (how many?) Strings String Four

21. These instruments were invented in _____ (Country) in the ___th Century Italy 16th

22. They are usually made from (types of wood) S_______ M_______ Spruce Maple

23. ViolinViola Chinrest tailpiece bridge f-holes strings Soundboard neck Pegs scroll

24. P_______ V_____ Special effect from gently rocking the left hand is called: Pizzicato Vibrato When the strings are plucked with the fingers instead of using the bow, the technique is called:

25. The String section of the orchestra can include: Up to __ Violins Up to __ Violas 30 12

26. The Cello and Double Bass

27. The two lower pitched members of the string family are the: C____ D______ B___ Cello Double Bass

28. The full name of the cello is actually: V________Violoncello

29. or just B___ The Double Bass Can also be called: C_________ S_____ bass Bass Contrabass String bass

30. Because they rest on the floor, the cello and double bass have an ________. Endpin

31. The Strings of Stringed instruments used to be made from _____ But now are made from _______ or _______ wrapped in fine wire. Gut Steel Nylon

32. The wood in the bows of stringed instruments is a special wood called: P_________Pernambuco Cello and Double Bass bows are _______ and ________ than violin and viola bows. Shorter Heavier

33. The largest Orchestras have: Up to __ Cellos Up to __ Double Basses 12 8

35. The Flute and Piccolo

36. The Flute The Flute is a member of the __________ family of instruments Woodwind Makes sound by blowing across an E_________ holeEmbouchure hole

37. The mechanical key system for the flute was invented by ________ ______ in 1847 Early Flutes had only about six finger holes, but modern flutes use mechanical keys that allow the player to control __ holes Theobald Boehm 16

38. Professionals play flutes made of _______ Less expensive instruments are made from ______ plated _______ Silver NickelBrass

39. Parts of the Flute Foot joint keys finger holesbody head joint embouchure hole lip plate

40. The Piccolo is a small flute It is about ____the size of a regular flute half

41. Piccolos produce a ____ ____, piercing tone Piccolos can be made of metal like the flute, but they can also be made from _________ wood. very high grenadilla

42. The Orchestra usually has just ____flutes two And uses the piccolo only _________ when needed

43. Oboe, English Horn & Bassoon

44. All ______ ____ Woodwind Instruments The Double Reed is made from two thin pieces of _____ tied together Players hold the reed in their mouth to make it ________ as they blow air through the instrument Double Reed Cane Vibrate

45. The Oboe Centuries ago, this instrument was called the _________, which means “high wood” in French. Hautbois

46. The Oboe has a very _______ pitch, so the other instruments tune to the oboe at the start of a performance or rehearsal. Stable

47. The English Horn The Funny thing about this instrument is that it is neither English, nor is it a Horn!

48. Is only ___________ used in the orchestra It is also called the C__ A_____ Is a little larger than the oboe, and has a _________, ______ tone mellowerdarker The English Horn: Cor Anglais occasionally

49. The Bassoon Produces the _______ sound of all the double reed instruments. Is longer than it looks, as it doubles back on itself and the air exits at the top. Made from M______ or P____ wood. Lowest MaplePear

50. bell bocal reed Bass joint Boot joint Tenor joint The Bassoon

51. Clarinet

52. A member of the _________ family Usually made from a dense blackwood from Africa called __________ Student clarinets are often made from _______ Woodwind Grenadilla Plastic Clarinet

53. The Reed is attached to the Clarinet with a ___________ The Clarinet is a _____ _____ instrument. Single Reed Ligature

54. Parts of the clarinet Mouthpiece Lower Joint Reed Barrel Upper Joint Ligature Bell

55. The Saxophone

56. The Reed is attached with a _________ Ligature Is a _____ _____ woodwind instrument. Single Reed Most saxophones are made of ________ Brass

57. The Saxophone was Invented by in the A______ S__ ____’s Adolphe Sax 1840’s

58. Types of Saxophone AltoTenorBariton e Sopran o

59. Adolpe Sax thought his new instrument should be used in both _____ and _________. The Saxophone became one of the main instruments in ______ BandsOrchestras. Jazz.

60. Saxophone Family 60

61. Trumpet and Horn

62. Like other Brass instruments it is made from _________ The Trumpet The ________ pitched member of the brass family Brass! Highest

63. A Trumpet player buzzes their lips into a ___ shaped mouthpiece. Cup

64. The trumpet has a _________ bore, meaning that the size of the tube stays the same, like a long thin cylinder. cylindrical

65. The trumpeter blows air, through buzzing lips into the ___________ and on into the _____ _____. Mouthpiece Lead Pipe.

66. When pushed down, the ______ ______ redirect the air into extra tubing to change the overall _______ of the tube. Piston Valves Length

67. Parts of the Trumpet Bell Piston Valves Finger Hook Mouthpiece Tuning Slides Valve Casings

68. The Horn but it’s not really French! Often called the “_______ Horn” French

69. The Horns Mouthpiece is more ______ shaped The horn has a ________ bore, meaning that it gradually widens to a long, thin cone. Funnel Conical This gives the horn a softer, more ______ tone than the trumpet. mellow

70. Uses a different kind of valve from a trumpet, called a _______ valve. Rotary

71. The Players right hand is placed inside the _____. Bell. Once in a while the players hand can more farther into the bell, creating a distant, _______ sound. Muffled

72. __ feet or __ meters. If the horn were unwrapped, it would measure: 12 3.6

73. Parts of the Horn Mouthpiece Leadpipe Rotary Valves Valve Keys Finger Hook Bell Tuning Slides

74. Trombone and Tuba

75. The Trombone and Tuba are the lower- pitched Brass Instruments. Like all Brass Instruments they are made from _______ Brass!

76. Like other Brass Instruments the players must ____ their lips into a _________ to make sound. Buzz Mouthpiece The Formation of Buzzing lips is called the ____________ Embouchure

77. Instead of using valves like the trumpet, the trombone changes pitches with a ________ Slide. Because the slide can move smoothly in and out, the trombone is capable of an effect called a ________ Glissando.

78. Like the trumpet, the Trombone has a __________bore, giving it a loud and _____ tone. Clyindrical Bright Early forms of the trombone were called the KABTSUC (unscramble) SACKBUT

79. Parts of the Trombone Bell Slide Mouthpiece Tuning Slide

80. The Largest and ________ of the brass instruments The Tuba Lowest The Tuba has a ________ bore, giving it a _______ sound. Conical mellow

81. Parts of the Tuba Bell Mouthpiece Piston Valves Valve tubes

82. A variation of the Tuba – The _________ Sousaphone

83. The ________ Family Percussion

84. Percussion Instruments The player must H__, S_____ or S_____ the instrument to make sound. Some percussion instruments have _________ pitch, or they are described as “ _______.” HitScrapeShake Indefinite Untuned

85. The ___________ is a small drum played with wooden sticks. Some percussion instruments are called ______________ because they have a skin. Membranophones Snare Drum

86. The _________ is played with large padded beaters Bass Drum

87. T_____ T__ Tam Triangle Percussion instruments without skins are called ___________ Idiophones C____ Cymbals Crash Cymbals

88. _____ block C____ C_______ Wood blockClaves Castanets

89. Tuned Percussion

90. Another way of describing this is called “ ______ Percussion” Tuned Some Percussion Instruments produce a _______ _____, meaning that they create notes and play melodies definite pitch

91. Timpani Are large _______. Because they have skins, Timpani are M_______________. And they have definite P_____. drums. Membranophones. Pitch.

92. The Pitch can be adjusted with a foot ________. The tighter the drum, the _______ the pitch, and vice versa. People often call Timpani _______ Drums. pedal. higher Kettle

93. Keyboard Percussion The ____________’s metal bars create very high pitches with a penetrating tone. Glockenspiel

94. The __________ has wooden bars. Keyboard Percussion Xylophone

95. The _______ also has wooden bars, but can play lower pitches and has a fuller tone. Marimba Keyboard Percussion

96. The _______ ____ are a set of hollow metal tubes hung on a rack. Keyboard Percussion Tubular Bells

97. Keyboard Instruments

98. Orchestral music from the ________ period (about 1600-1750) almost always features the harpsichord. It has a ________ sound. When a key is pressed, a plectrum ________ a string. Baroque Delicate Plucks

99. Has felt covered _________ that strike the strings. The Piano was invented in the beginning of the ___th Century. The first name for the piano was actually the __________ because it can play both ______and ______. 18th Hammers Pianoforte Loudly.Softly

100. The Modern Piano has ___ Keys. 88 Most often plays as a ____ Instrument (meaning by itself) Solo

101. 101 The Harpsichord and Piano are ______phones because strings are struck to make sound. The Pipe Organ is an _____phone because air is blown through pipes to make sound. Chordophones aerophone

102. Pipe Organs have three or four __________(rows of keys) The B______ provide the air that is blown through the pipes. Manuals Bellows

103. The celesta is the ________ keyboard instrument Pressing the keys causes little metal ______ to be struck. Makes a delicate, ______ like sound. Smallest Plates Bell

104. In the Orchestra, the keyboard instruments are generally considered part of the __________ Section. Percussion

105. The Harp

106. The Harp is a special member of the _______ family of instruments Harps have been around for centuries, but the modern concert harp was developed in the __th Century. This kind of Harp has about ___ strings String 19th 45

107. 107 Together the soundboard and the _________ make the harp louder and easier to hear. crown Tuning pins neck resonator soundboard pedals pedestal forepillar strings Resonator

108. 108 3 crown Tuning pins neck resonator soundboard pedals pedestal strings The _________ gives the harp the strength to keep the strings tightly stretched. forepillar Forepillar

109. 109 43 crown Tuning pins neck resonator soundboard pedals pedestal forepillar strings The whole harp rests on the __________ The ______ sits on top of the forepillar. Crown Pedestal.

110. crown Tuning pins neck resonator soundboard pedals pedestal forepillar strings

111. To play the instrument, the harpist sits behind the harp and rests it on his or her _________. To make it easier to play some of the strings are _________. All the F strings are _____, and all the C strings are ______. Shoulder. Coloured. Red. Blue

112. The harp has _______ pedals. Each one changes all the strings with a certain note name (A’s, B’s, C’s etc.) Modern harps are called ______ action harps, because the pedal can move the pitch in both directions. Seven double

113. The Harp was popular in the ____________ era of Music, when composers like Debussy highlighted the Harp in their music. The harp can do a special effect called the ____________ by brushing their finger across many strings. Romantic Glissando