1. Kingdom Classifications
Section 15.1

2. History of Kingdom Systems
Aristotle was the first to classify organisms:
Plant
Animal
Microscope use allowed scientist to see:
Microscopic organisms
Cells had different structures

3. The Five Kingdom System
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Monera
The five kingdom system worked for a while until new technology allowed scientist to see different gene sequences in bacteria, so another kingdom was formed

4. The Six Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
*What do you notice that is different?

5. The Six Kingdom System The kingdom Monera was divided into
Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria)had
different gene sequences
Chemical specialization in their cell walls
Lived in the most extreme places (Dead Sea, Hot springs)
Eubacteria
All other bacteria
Includes disease causing bacteria

6. Domains
Some scientists classify the six kingdoms into Domains

7. Kingdom Classifications
Section 15.2

8. Bacteria Bacteria are single-cell, prokaryotic organisms
No true nucleus
No other organelles
Bacteria belong to two different Kingdoms
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Most numerous organisms on Earth

9. Comparing Archae- and Eu-bacteria
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Live in harsh environments
Hot sulfur springs, the Great Salt Lake, Volcanic deep-sea vents
Love extreme pH level (acidic or basic)
Love heat
Have similar RNA gene sequences that are different from Eubacteria
Most are Autotrophs
Anaerobic (without oxygen)
Chemosynthesis
Most familiar bacteria
Some are disease-causing
Classified by
Shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum
Gram stain (positive or negative)
Can obtain nutrients as
Heterotrophs
Parasites
Autotrophs
Saprotrophs
Most have flagella for movement

10. Bacteria Reproduction
Bacteria do not have a nucleus, but they DO have DNA in their cytoplasm
Bacteria reproduce by
Replicating DNA
Double cell size
Divide in half
Two type of bacterial reproduction are
Binary fission (cells are identical)
Conjugation (exchange DNA with another cell)

11. Bacteria Reproduction
Binary Fission
Conjugation

12. Kingdom Classifications
Section 15.3

13. Kingdom Protista
Protists are all eukaryotes with a nucleus and organelles
Includes any organism that does not fit the other kingdoms

14. Animal-Like Protists Called Protozoans Single-celled Heterotrophic
Classified by how they move:
Ciliates (paramecium)
Flagellates(Euglena)
Amoebas
Sporozoans

15. Animal-Like Protists
Paramecium with cilia
Euglena with flagella

16. Animal-Like Protists
Amoeba with pseudopod

17. Plant-Like Protists Called Algae
Autotrophs with chlorophyll and carry-out photosynthesis
Classified by color and structure
Green, red, brown, golden
Single-cellular or multicellular

18. Plant-Like Protists Euglena live in freshwater and are unicellular
Diatoms are unicellular and have a glasslike outer shell

19. Fungus-Like Protists Are decomposers
Slime molds, downy mildews, water molds

20. Kingdom Classifications
Section 15.4

21. Kingdom Fungi
Most Fungi are multicellular and they grow anywhere there is moisture
They were once classified as plants, but they do not have chlorophyll
Fungi can be
Consumers (heterotrophs)
Decomposers (saprotrophs)
Most have a cell wall made of chitin

22. Fungi Reproduction Reproduction may occur:
Sexually by producing spores
Asexually by fission or budding