1. One reason ______________ are not useful to biologists is that they can apply to more than one animal. common names

2. One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as binomial nomenclature

3. At any level of organization, groups that have biological meaning are referred to as taxa

4. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized? genus

5. is the science of naming and grouping organisms. Systematics

6. In Linnaeus’s system of classification, how many levels are there? Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

7. A order is composed of a number of similar families

8. Several different phyla make up a kingdom

9. Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system? Kingdom and phylum

10. Animals that are warm- blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class Mammalia

11. True or False Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily visible similarities and differences. True

12. The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called evolutionary classification

13. In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a derived character.

14. Which of the following techniques can scientists use to determine how the DNA of several species might indicate the species are related? cladistic analysis

15. Each _____ on a cladogram represents the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor. node

16. All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are eukaryotes.

17. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin? Fungi

18. Why is the kingdom Protista not valid under evolutionary classification? Protista contains groups that share closest common ancestors with other groups, rather than with each other.

19. The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is Archaea.

20. The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are Archaea and Bacteria.

21. The three-domain system arose when scientists found that Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were more dissimilar than scientists thought.

22. An organism may have different _____________ that vary from area to area and language to language. common names

23. In the name Ursus maritimus, the word Ursus refers to the genus

24. Modern biologists build classification diagrams called _____________ that reflect lines of evolutionary descent. cladograms

25. One way in which Archaea differ from Bacteria in that the cell walls of Archaea lack peptidoglycan

26. The use of a two-part scientific name for organisms is called binomial nomenclature

27. In Linnaeus’s system of classification, the two smallest categories are genus and species

28. is the study of how living and extinct organisms are related to each other. Phylogeny

29. The six kingdoms of life include bacteria that have cell walls with peptidoglycan, bacteria that have cell walls without peptidoglycan, protists, fungi, animals, and plants

30. The domain ____________ contains plants, fungi, protists, and animals—which are all eukaryotes. Eukarya

31. In Linnaeus’s time, all living things were grouped into two kingdoms. Later, there were five kingdoms, and now we have six kingdoms. What is the main reason for this increase in the number of kingdoms? As scientists learned more about genetics and biochemistry, some organisms were moved out of existing kingdoms and into new ones.