2. Interpreting Evolutionary Evidence

3. Taxonomy Field of biology that identifies names and classifies species – Classification system Aristotle/Linnaeus Binomial nomenclature – 2-part Latin name: genus and species

4. Taxa Classification categories: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Dumb Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Sand

5. Cladistics Method of analyzing evolutionary relationships between groups to construct family tree – Cladogram = evolutionary tree diagram – Clad = branches on the tree – Monophyletic group = group of organisms that share derived trait (descendants of ancestor in which it evolved)

7. 3 Domains Bacteria – Prokaryotic cells – Have cell wall made with peptidoglycan – Certain anitbiotics disable activity of bacterial ribosomes Archaea – Prokaryotic cells – Have cell walls made with various polysaccharides – Phospholipids differ from those from bacteria and eukaryotes Eukarya – Eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, Protists)

8. Domain Eukarya Has 4 Kingdoms: – Protista – simple eukaryotes; live in water – Fungi – Heterotrophic eukaryotes; obtain nutrients by extracellular digestion – Plantae – Multicellular autotrophic eukaryotes; diverse organisms – Animalia – Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes; diverse organisms

9. Cladograms “Evolutionary Trees” Closely related species (branches) share same line of descent until their divergence from a common ancestor

10. Building a Cladogram

11. Building Cladogram 1.Choose an outgroup (organisms with least common traits) 2.Start branch (if a trait is shared, label it before the outgroup branch

12. Building Cladogram 3. Choose the organism that is second least common

13. Building Cladogram 4. Continue branching and labeling common traits

14. Your Turn!!!