1. The Kingdoms COS # 6 To classify animals as vertebrates or invertebrates and as endotherms or ectotherms. Describing the organization of cells into tissues, organs, and organ systems Describing the grouping of organisms into populations, communities, and ecosystems Classifying common organisms into kingdoms, including Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi, Archaebacteria, and Eubacteria

2. Kingdoms are a way scientists classify organisms. Many people still recognize a 5-kingdom classification system… http://www.perspective.com/nature/biosphere.html

3. However, scientists decided to split the kingdom once called “Monera” into 2 kingdoms - the Archaebacteria Kingdom and the Eubacteria Kingdom.. ARCHAEBACTERIA KINGDOM MONERAN KINGDOM EUBACTERIA KINGDOM

4. Kingdom Archaebacteria ARCHAEBACTERIA are found in harsh environments such as salt lakes, hot springs, and hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean. http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/eaikins/archaebacteria.html

5. Kingdom Eubacteria Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIA kingdom. They are found everywhere and are the bacteria with which most people are familiar. There are many methods to classify bacteria, but the simplest way is according to their shape. http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/cschultz/eubacteria.html

6. Sphere-shaped bacteria (cocci) sometimes grow in chains or in clumps like a bunch of grapes. Rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli) can also form in chains. Some types of these bacteria also have whip-like structures called flagella to help them move around. Spiral-shaped bacteria (spirilla) can use their shape to propel themselves by twisting like a corkscrew. http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2a.asp

7. Kingdom Protista Protists are a diverse group of organisms, comprising those organisms with large cells and organelles that cannot be classified in any of the other kingdoms as fungi, animals, or plants. Protists were traditionally subdivided into several groups based on similarities to the "higher" kingdoms.

8. Flagellates are cells with whip-like tails. Higher plants and fungi do not produce flagellate cells, but the closely related green algae do. Many protists take the form of single-celled flagellates. http://science.kennesaw.edu/biophys/biodiversity/protista/protpix.htm

9. Amoeboids are cells that move or feed by means of temporary projections. Many protists exist as individual amoeboid cells, or take such a form at some point in their life- cycle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeboid

10. The ciliates are one of the most important groups of protists found almost everywhere there is water — lakes, ponds, oceans, and soils. http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/microscopes/pondlife_protozoa02.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate

11. The Apicomplexa are a large group of protists that are unicellular, spore-forming, and exclusively parasites of animals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicomplexa http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/catquery.htm?Kingdom=Protista&phylum=Sporozoa

12. Kingdom Fungi In addition to the beauty of mushrooms, fungi provide a critical part of nature's continuous rebirth: fungi recycle dead organic matter into useful nutrients. http://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/

13. Fungi reproduce by releasing spores from a fruiting body. The fruit, called a mushroom, releases spores into the air, and the wind carries the spores off to start the next generation. http://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/

14. Safety Tip: Not all fungi are edible and should never be picked in the woods to eat.

15. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular organisms that produce their own food primarily by photosynthesis are members of this kingdom. Examples: mosses, ferns, conifers, herbs, elodea, duckweed, etc. http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.html

16. All plants reproduce through alternating generations… Nowhere is this more apparent than in the mosses. http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.htm l

17. Ferns represent the second major step in the sophistication of plants. While they still reproduce by spores like mosses, the ferns add a vascular system -- i.e. specialized organs for transporting fluids throughout the plant. http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.html

18. The gymnosperms add the next level of plant complexity: they reproduce from seeds instead of spores. The seeds are not covered by an ovary. Usually, the seed is produced inside a cone-like structure such as a pine cone hence the name "conifer." http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navcli ent&ie=UTF-8&rls=DIUS,DIUS:2006- 22,DIUS:en&q=conifer+pictures

19. Angiosperms add the final improvement to plant reproduction: they grow their seeds inside an ovary, which is embedded in a flower. http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/dicots.html

20. Plants can be either dicots or monocots. http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/index.html

21. Kingdom Animalia Animals are multicellular organisms that cannot produce their own food and can move about in their environment. Example: mammals, fish (gambusia and guppies), reptiles, insects (crickets and isopods), snails, etc.

22. Almost all of the animals of which we commonly think -- mammals, fish, and birds are in the Animal Kingdom. http://kids.yahoo.com/animals/

23. All told, around 800,000 species have been identified in the Animal Kingdom -- most of them in the Arthropod phylum.

24. If your animal has jointed legs and no spine, you can find it in the Arthropoda phylum. This includes most of the animals we commonly call "bugs" as well as the crustaceans. http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html

25. Mollusks are so named because of their soft bodies. The soft bodies of many of the 110,000 Mollusk species are protected by a hard shell, however. http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html

26. There are 6,000 species of spiny- skinned animals that are found in tide pools along the seashore. http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html

27. There are some 9,500 species marine stingers. One of the most familiar types is the jelly fish. http://www.perspective.com/nature/animalia/index.html http://kids.yahoo.com/animals/

28. When classifying organisms, scientists study a wide range of features, including those visible to the naked eye, those detectable only under a microscope, and those that can be determined only by chemical tests.

29. Scientists compare the external shapes and sizes of organisms as well as the anatomy and function of internal organs and organ systems. www.nlm.nih.gov /.../ ency/fullsize/8710.jpg www.imcpl.org /.../ images/circulatorysystem.gif

30. The early stages of an organism’s development and its behavior are useful in grouping organisms. Scientists use the fossil record to learn how certain animals have changed and adapted through Earth’s history. www.fotosearch.com/.../ammonite-fossil.jpg http://www.fossilmuseum.net/EdResources/FishImages.htm http://www.fossilmuseum.net/EdResources/Insect-Fossils.htm