1. 34 Social Security Second New Deal4/8

2. New Deal: Social Security If people are out of work (either retired or disabled or otherwise unable to find work), should they receive money from the government (which comes from tax money)?

3. The Great Depression SOCIAL SECURITY

4. Roosevelt’s Second Hundred Days Works Progress Administration (WPA): created one of the largest peace time job programs ◦“Continued dependence upon relief [brings about] a spiritual and moral disintegration…destructive to the national fiber. To dole out relief in this way is to administer a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit.” It employed 8.5 million Americans on all kinds of public-works projects and spent$11 billion ◦Infrastructure: roads, subways, public buildings, parks and airports ◦Arts: statues, murals (Post office mural of First Flight in Williamston, NC) “You worked, you got a paycheck and you had some dignity.”

5. Public Works Projects Public Works Administration (PWA) Works Progress Administration (WPA) North Carolina Projects ◦Blue Ridge Parkway and Tunnels ◦Fontana Dam ◦American Legion Memorial Stadium – Charlotte ◦B. N. Duke Auditorium and Duke Park – Durham ◦Belmont City Hall Mural – Belmont ◦Cary Arts Center – Cary ◦City Hall and mural – Reidsville ◦Franklin Street Post Office and mural – Chapel Hill ◦And a whole lot more

6. Labor Wagner Act outlawed a number of anti-labor practices, like the creation of company- sponsored unions, and established the National Labor Relations Board Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) formed by John L Lewis for unskilled, industrial workers. ◦United Auto Workers’ sit-down strike at General Motors lasted for six weeks, but ultimately was recognized by GM. Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) established a minimum wage and a maximum number of hours with overtime pay.

7. Social Security If people are out of work (either retired or disabled or otherwise unable to find work), should they receive money from the government (which comes from tax money)? Funding for social security came from taxpayers Huey Long argued that it should come from the wealthy Townshend argued that it should come from a sales tax

8. New Roles for African Americans Roosevelt broke new ground by appointing African Americans to government ◦William Hastie-first black federal judge ◦Mary McLeod lead the ‘Black Cabinet’ as director of the Negro Affairs of National Youth Administration New Deal programs relied on local government, and an unwillingness to irritate local populations, which often permitted discriminatory practices against African- Americans, Latinos, and women.

9. New Roles for Women Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor, was the first woman appointed to head an executive department, which included the Social Security system. New Deal programs generally paid men more than women and provided men more work opportunities.

10. Court Packing Frustrated by the Supreme Courts decisions on many of the New Deal programs, FDR sought to reorganize the nation’s courts. ◦Expand the Supreme Court by at least 6 justices Most interpreted his actions as an attempt to disrupt the balance of power and place friendly justices on the bench. This provided strong fuel for critics of FDR, as well as the recovery placed in doubt with another economic slump in 1937.