1. Chapter 3 of Speech and Hearing

2. Overview Anatomy of Speech Production Respiratory Laryngeal Articulatory/Resonating

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Structures Lungs Ribs Trachea Diaphragm

4. kidshealth.org/PageManager. jsp?dn=familydocto... Lungs Part of Pulmonary System Lower airway trachea - a tube of 20 cartilage rings Upper airway mouth, nose, and upper throat

5. Ribs

6. Diaphragm www.yorkievitz.com/.../www.yorkievitz.com/.../ anatomy/thorax/index.htm Thick, dome shaped muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic (chest) cavity Commonly known as a windpipe - connects mouth, nose, and throat to lungs Passageway for oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave It separates the stomach from the thorax Plays a major role in breathing because the lungs rest on it

7. CLINICAL MOMENT

8. The larynx is a valve that: Is the sound producing mechanism for speech Prevents substances from entering the trachea LARYNGEAL

10. Thyroid Cartilage Butterfly shaped Forms front and side walls of larynx Illustration from http://faculty.roosevelt.edu/ar mstrong/journey/larynx.html Courtesy of Eric Armstrong.

11. Cricoid Cartilage Top ring of the trachea Linked to thyroid cartilage and to the arytenoid cartilages through the cricoarytenoid joint

12. Arytenoid Cartilages Two small pyramid-shaped cartilages that sit on top of the cricoid and attach to the true vocal folds and cause them to open and close

13. Epiglottis Leaf-shaped No role in speech production

14. Open & Shut Abductors -pull folds apart Adductors - bring folds together

15. Muscles of the Larynx A pair of muscles divided into 2 masses: Intrinsic (Internal) attachments are within the larynx a.k.a. vocal folds, vocal cords, or vocalis muscle Extrinsic (External) at least one attachment outside the larynx lower and raise larynx, indirectly influencing sound production

16. Cricoarytenoid Joint The arytenoids are connected through this joint, which permits circular and sliding movements

17. Thyroarytenoid Muscle & Cricothyroid Muscle

18. Cricothyroid Stretches the vocal folds and increases their tension The Vocal Folds Inner thyroarytenoid muscle

19. Glottis The space between the vocal folds

20. Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

21. Laryngeal Structures Hyoid bone Cartilages - connective tissue that keeps the larynx in place and help it make adjustments thyroid cricoid arytenoid Muscles - band or bundles of fibrous tissue that can contract to produce movement or maintain Lateral cricoarytenoid - bring vocal folds together Interarytenoid - bring vocal folds together Posterior cricoarytenoid - pulls vocal folds apart Cricothyroid

22. The Articulatory/Resonating System Extends from the opening of the mouth to the vocal folds Includes the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharyngeal cavity

23. Structures of the Articulatory/Resonating System Includes the bones that make up the face and head.

24. Structures of the Articulatory/Resonating System Articulators Teeth Tongue Velum (soft palate) Hard palate Alveolar ridge Lips Nasal Cavity

25. Teeth Primarily for mastication (chewing) Helpful for producing dental sounds

26. Tongue Major function is tasting and chewing Also important for articulation Parts of tongue tip blade dorsum root

27. Palates SOFT PALATE: Flexible muscle in back of the mouth that opens and closes the nasal cavity HARD PALATE: Roof of the mouth and floor of the nose

28. Lips and Cheeks Lips: Orbicularis oris muscle Important for producing labial sounds Cheeks: Buccinator muscle

29. The Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord All associated nerves and sense organs

30. Neuron Parts: Cell Body Axon Dendrites

31. Nerves Collection of neurons Communicate by way of a synapse

32. Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord

33. Brain Parts: -cerebrum* -cerebellum -brainstem

34. Brain Parts: -cerebrum -cerebellum* -brainstem

35. Brain Parts: -cerebrum -cerebellum -brainstem*

36. Spinal Cord Collection of nerves Receives sensory information from the body Controls large muscle movement

37. Peripheral Nervous System 12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves