1. Progressive Era 1890 to 1920

2. Purposes of the Federal Government Chart Maintains law, order and public safety Improves national standard of living Maintains armed forces for defense Conducts research Maintains diplomatic relations with other countries Protects citizens against unconstitutional state laws Protects natural resources Maintains programs to benefit farmers, businessmen and laborers Constructs and maintains highways

3. Root of Progressives The Progressive movement will result from the corruption of American politics and business: AKA The Gilded Age Examples of Corruption – Child Labor, Civil Service Reform and the Spoils System, Working Conditions, Political Machines and the City Bosses (Boss Tweed), Railroads, Immigration Problems, Nativism, Big Business and the Trusts, Treatment of Minorities, Women and Indians

4. Goals and Beliefs Not all “Progressives” fought for the same things, but they all shared the same drive for reform. Four Categories of Progressives: Social, Moral, Economic, Political Four Basic Beliefs: –Gov’t accountable to citizens –Gov’t curb power and influence of big business –Gov’t less corrupt and more efficient –Gov’t improve lives of citizens

5. Ida Tarbell – Journalist, revealed the abuses by Standard Oil Trust (Rockefeller) Muckrakers – writers that exposed wrongdoings In business and politics Upton Sinclair – wrote “The Jungle”, exposed the meat packing industry Meat Inspection Act of 1907 is passed as A result of the book. Lincoln Steffens – uncovered political corruption in St. Louis and other cities Examples: trusts (oil, beef and tobacco), prison conditions, exploitation of natural resources, the tax system, the insurance industry, pension practices and food processing, among others.

6. Ida Tarbell History of Standard Oil

7. Progressive Reform Organizations Socialist Party – end capitalist system, distribute wealth more equally, & gov’t ownership of industry Labor Movement – fight for better working conditions through collective bargaining Women’s Groups – Issued a “Whitelist”, acceptable places to shop –Jane Addams – Hull House, settlement House –Florence Kelley – child labor laws –Mother Jones – working conditions

8. Robert Lafollette “Fighting Bob”, the Wisconsin Progressive Governor Goals – clean up gov’t and produce social welfare reforms “Wisconsin Idea” – ask academic experts to help draft reform legislation (public-academic alliance to improve gov’t)

9. African Americans & Progressivism Discrimination in Housing, Voting, and Employment in North and South Result new organizations are formed to help prevent the discrimination NAACP, The National Association of the Advancement of Colored People, is formed in 1909 to secure Afr. Amer. legal rights National Urban League is formed to help Afr. Amer. get good jobs and fair housing Why did they Organize? –Federal gov’t did little to help

10. New African American Leaders W.E.B. DuBois Harvard educated professor Wanted political action to overturn Jim Crow Laws and discrimination Created the NAACP Booker T. Washington Leader through the 1800s and 1900s Ideas became outdated Goal – Afr. Amer. Learn a trade

11. BEFOREREFORM Party leaders choose candidates for state & local offices Direct Primaries - Voters select their party's candidates State Legislatures choose U.S. Senators 17th Amendment - U.S. Senators are elected by popular vote Only members of the State Legislature can introduce bills Initiative - Voters can put bills before the Legislature Only Legislators pass bills Referendum - Voters can vote on bills directly Only courts or the legislature can remove corrupt officials Recall - Voters can remove elected officials from office AFTER REFORMS….POWER MOVES TO VOTERS!!!! Progressive Political Reforms

12.  Taxes income  A progressive tax – more you make, the more you pay Before – State legislators chose After – people choose  Supporters – Women’s Christian Temperance Movement  Result – Organized Crime  Supporters – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony  Who feared women voting? Liquor industry, anti-union leaders, anti- civil rights Income taxDirect Election of Senators PROHIBITIONWOMEN’S SUFFRAGE