1. Lecture 7. Single Units without Reaction

2. Units without Reaction Fermentation broth Membrane separator Continuous distillation column Mixing of battery Drying unit Crytallization unit Hemodialysis

3. Strategy Total (Overall) balance Component balance Tie component : A component present in only one entering stream that exits only in one stream.

4. Examples Lecture 7 Open, flow, steady-state process without chemical reaction (E8.2, DMH) Separation of Gases Using a Membrane Membranes represent a relatively new technology for the separation of gases. One use that has attracted attention is the separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air. The given figure illustrates a nanoporous membrane that is made by coating a very thin layer of polymer on a porous graphite supporting layer. What is the composition of the waste stream if the waste stream amounts to 80% of the input stream? (Fig. E8.2a, p. 199)

6. Examples Lecture 7 Open, flow, steady-state process without chemical reaction Tie component (E8.5, DMH) Drying Fish caught by human beings can be turned into fish meal, and the fish meal can be used as feed to produce meat for human beings or used directly as food. The direct use of fish meal significantly increases the efficiency of the food chain. However, fish-protein concentrate, primarily for aesthetic reasons, is used mainly as a supplementary protein food. As such, it competes with soy and other oilseed proteins. In the processing of the fish, after the oil is extracted, the fish cake is dried in rotary drum dryers, finely ground, and packed. The resulting product contains 65% protein. In a given batch of fish cake that contains 80% water (the remainder is dry cake), 100 kg of water is removed, and it is found that the fish cake is then 40% water. Calculate the weight of the fish cake originally put into the dryer. See the figure given. (Fig. E8.5, p. 207)

8. Examples Lecture 7 Batch process without chemical reaction Steady-state or unsteady – state, depending on how the system is defined (E8.4, DMH) Mixing of Battery (Sulfuric) Acid You are asked to prepare a batch of 18.63% battery acid as follows. A tank of old weak battery acid (H 2 SO 4 ) solution contains 12.43% H 2 SO 4 (the remainder is pure water). If 2110 kg of battery acid is to be made and the final solution is to be 18.63% H 2 SO 4, how many kg of 77.7% H 2 SO 4 must be added to the tank? See the figure given. (Fig. E8.4, p. 205) Ans. 200 kg of 77.7% H 2 SO 4

10. Problems Lecture 7 P1, P2, P3, P4 P8.4, P8.7, P8.10, P8.13, P8.16, P8.19, P8.22