1. GEOS – 100 Physical Geology GEOS 110 – Earth System Science Reasons to take Geoscience Courses: – Whose planet is this anyway? – Resources: metals, building materials, Coltan, REEs – Gems? – Natural Hazards: Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanoes, Extreme weather events – Global Climate Change – Field Trips

2. Copyright (c) 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 4-2 Mt. St. Helens After the May 18, 1980 Eruption …an explosion that could be heard in the Lower Mainland of BC; it left a dusting of ash on cars in Calgary, but metres of ash in the vicinity of the volcano. Why?

3. When is the Next Hazard Scheduled? Local Volcanoes that could erupt: Mt. Cayley, Mt. Meagher, Mt. Baker. What part of the B.C. coast could be damaged by tsunamis? When is the next damaging earthquake? … which kind? Which hazard kills the most people and damages more infrastructure?

4. Copyright (c) 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 2-4 Plagioclase feldspar (Labradorite) with twin striations and schiller. Minerals: Feldspar ½ of Crust but also a gem!

5. GEOS 110 Earth System Science: Fall 2013 Oceanography – circulation – heat, salt and nutrients – marine Biology Climate – Solar heating – atmospheric layers – weather – extreme storms Plate tectonics – mantle convection – Wilson cycles – evolution in geohabitats

6. Ice  Albedo Feedback

7. Engineering the Environment Should we _________? Spray sulphate aerosols to increase cloud cover? Burn of rain forest to plant single crops? Fertilize the oceans with sewage and mine waste to promote plankton growth? Frack for gas beneath shallow aquifers? Are there consequences or alternatives?