1. Aboriginal / Indigenous Terms of Reference: Set of Principles Indigenous Australian Education We respectfully acknowledge the Indigenous Elders, custodians, their descendants and kin of this land past and present. I respectfully acknowledge that the land I have spent the majority of my life is traditional country of the Kaurna people of the Adelaide Plains. We respect their cultural heritage, beliefs and relationship with the land. We acknowledge that they are of continuing importance to the Kaurna people living today (Adelaide City Council, 2013). Warning: This presentation may contain the names and images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who are now deceased. The presentation may also contain links to websites that may use images of Aboriginal and Islander people who are now deceased. EDP370, Assignment One, Sharon Golding Wiki group names: Sharon Golding, Naomi Wiseman (core values) & Cara Sherwood (process)

2. Overview “Agreeing to comply with the accepted protocols of other cultural groups promotes interaction based on good faith and mutual respect, thus encouraging ethical conduct.” (Janke & Guivarra, as cited in Oxfam Australia, n.d.). Without a guiding scope of ITR to describe and articulate an Indigenous worldview, Indigenous history, community and policies would be misguided (Oxenham, 1999). They enable closer guidance for culturally accepted terms and outcomes to be promoted within communities and groups, showing respect of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders beliefs and practices. Avoiding the use of offensive language is essential (Oxfam Australia, n.d.; NSW Department of Health, 2004). The concept of Aboriginal / Indigenous Terms of Reference (A/I TR) incorporates a set of principles, core values and a process for applying a framework. This provides an Indigenous viewpoint on issues, determining cultural boundaries within an Indigenous setting (Truscott, n.d.; Oxenham, 1999). Committing to Indigenous views!

3. History The Aboriginal Community Management and Development Program (ACMDP) at the Centre for Aboriginal Studies adopted 'Aboriginal terms of reference' in 1990 as the title for an area of competence within an academic setting. 1985 Lilla Watson established ATR concept 1985 Lilla Watson established ATR concept 1990 Darlene Oxenham refined the ATR concept from Lilla Watson’s prior work 1990 Darlene Oxenham refined the ATR concept from Lilla Watson’s prior work 2000s Darlene Oxenham refined the ATR concept from Lilla Watson’s prior work 2000s Darlene Oxenham refined the ATR concept from Lilla Watson’s prior work ATR concept is an ongoing debate 1788 British colonisation 1788 British colonisation 1967 Referendum was passed to remove explicit references to Aboriginal peoples in the Australian Constitution 1967 Referendum was passed to remove explicit references to Aboriginal peoples in the Australian Constitution 1989 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy (AEP) launched 1989 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy (AEP) launched 1992 Redfern “park speech” Addressed 1992 Redfern “park speech” Addressed 1991 Mabo Vs QLD 1991 Mabo Vs QLD 1995 ILC Formed 1995 ILC Formed 2008 Kevin Rudd National apology to stolen generations 2008 Kevin Rudd National apology to stolen generations 1996 The term Aboriginal was replaced with Indigenous 1996 The term Aboriginal was replaced with Indigenous

4. Addressing issues in a specific and defined context, thus acknowledging that the appropriateness of the outcomes achieved are issue specific and context bound. Set of principles Ensuring that Indigenous world views are taken into account in a/l negotiations or dealings which impact on Indigenous people. Acknowledging that Indigenous people have the right to have those things that are valued {by themselves] to be fully considered in any interactions. Acknowledging that the authority for the construction of Indigenous meanings and knowledge rest with Indigenous people. Negotiating within and between Indigenous group(s) with the aim of establishing appropriate processes to consider and determine the criteria for deciding how to meet cultural imperatives, and social needs and priorities. Recognising the diverse experiences, understandings, and wiry of life (in Indigenous societies) that reflect contemporary Indigenous culture and account for diversity in the application of Aboriginal Terms of Reference. Ensuring that the views and perceptions of the critical reference group (the Indigenous group you work with) is reflected in any process of validating and evaluating the extent to which Aboriginal Terms of Reference has been taken into account. Indigenous Terms of Reference (1996) embodies the concept of making a conscious commitment to: (Barrington, 2012; Oxenham, 1999)

5. Curriculum / Learning areas The National Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Education Policy (AEP) incorporates four main goals in relation to Indigenous education (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relation [DEEWR], 2013) : Indigenous terms of reference' was introduced into course curricula in 1990. This inclusion was a definitive commitment to teaching and learning in culturally appropriate ways, and, to the creation of space that recognised and validated Aboriginal knowledge. Involvement of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander people in decision-making Major goal 1: Equity of access to educational services Major goal 2: Equity of educational participation Major goal 3: Equitable and appropriate educational outcomes Major goal 4 as an Aboriginal Studies subject (as semester, term or year long courses), either following State- approved courses or using school-based courses; Aboriginal Studies units and topics which are part of another subject (a term or less), such as Aboriginal literature and language in English, Aboriginal land rights, Aboriginal visual arts; Aboriginal perspectives integrated, as appropriate, into units of work taught in a wide range of learning areas throughout all years of schooling, such as Aboriginal knowledge of astronomy in science; Aboriginal people and mining and/or the law in Studies of Society and Environment; Aboriginal perspectives in maths.

6. Strategies / Recourses When teaching reading and writing adapt to students point of view – whole language approach, phonics, performance models to promote the acquisition of specialised skills e.g. factual text, comprehension, or word and sentence patterns (Major goal 1) Reading material must be age-appropriate (Major goal 2 & 4) Do not stereotype (Major goal 3) Busy work equals low outcomes for students - Reduce expectations for work – quality, not quantity. Also reducing misbehaviour (Major goal 4) Learning Maps: Explicitly mapping/visualising processes Ensure all students have access to books, computers, internet Use of ABC and Two-Way literacy and Learning First Steps recourses Ongoing assessment, monitoring and reporting student process http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/CrossCurriculumPriorities/Aboriginal-and- Torres-Strait-Islander-histories-and-cultures http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/CrossCurriculumPriorities/Aboriginal-and- Torres-Strait-Islander-histories-and-cultures Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are direct and immediate benefits to students, who have indicated that on being introduced to the notion of 'Aboriginal terms of reference' they have felt that it has: Affirmed their identity, Made them more conscious of seeing things from a Aboriginal perspective. Made them more confident in representing the interests of Aboriginal people. Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are direct and immediate benefits to students, who have indicated that on being introduced to the notion of 'Aboriginal terms of reference' they have felt that it has: Affirmed their identity, Made them more conscious of seeing things from a Aboriginal perspective. Made them more confident in representing the interests of Aboriginal people. Teaching using the ITR Set of Principles engulfs the ideology that an educator is committing to the views of Indigenous people and therefore will be reflected within the strategies and activities used to meet outcomes relating to the curriculum / syllabus. (Harrison, 2011; Oxenham, 1999)

7. Activities Non-verbal: Applying intra-personal and kinaesthetic skills to thinking and learning. Paint, draw, and create. Aboriginal education: Working in partnership empowers all to make a significant difference! Recreate the learning context within the classroom, read appropriate age books, observe, practice sounds, sharing. Create a mind map showing “The Dreaming” the basis of all aspects of life in Aboriginal societies. Discuss the different days, months, and seasons and draw what these represent. Producing innovations and understanding by thinking laterally or combining systems. Story-telling: Approaching learning through narrative. Create a dreamtime chart. Symbols and images: Using images and metaphors to understand concepts and content; Guest speakers: growing up in the community, their family, important places in the community, how they feel attached to the places, and why their country is important to him or her. Deconstruct/Reconstruct: Modeling and scaffolding, working from wholes to parts; Sports, games, fishing, tools, music, art, artifacts and dance; Notions of place, time, and shared rituals. Place-based learning, linking content to local land and place (Bonney, 2013b; Department of Education, 2013; Harrison)

8. Reference List Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA]. (2009). National report on schooling in Australia 2009. Retrieved from http://www.acara.edu.au/reporting/national_report_on_schooling_2009/aboriginal_and_torres_strait_islander_education/aboriginal_and_torres_strait_islander_education1.html Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services Indigenous Affairs. (2013). Indigenous Land Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/our- responsibilities/indigenous-australians/programs-services/land-native-title/indigenous-land-corporation Australasian Legal Information Institute [AustLII], 2013). Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (“Mabo Case”) [1992] HCA 23. Retrieved from http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1992/23.html Barrington, R., (2012). Week 4: Indigenous Terms of Reference. Retrieved from https://lms.curtin.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-2676395-dt-content-rid-9128714_1/courses/313471-Vice-Chancell- 1128069575/ITR%282%29.pdf Bonney, L. (2013a). 1905 – Treaty – message stick sorry [Streaming video]. Retrieved from http://echo.ilecture.curtin.edu.au:8080/ess/echo/presentation/84fa4d23-2e67-4577-a5fe-fa0f9ce7b99a Bonney, L. (2013b). Bush School [Streaming video]. Retrieved from http://echo.ilecture.curtin.edu.au:8080/ess/echo/presentation/705f8a51-bc61-4ea0-bf11-cd47cc20a9c5 Department of Education. (2013). Aboriginal education. Retrieved from http://www.det.wa.edu.au/aboriginaleducation/apac/detcms/navigation/apac/#main-content Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relation [DEEWR]. 2013). National Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander educational policy. Retrieved from http://deewr.gov.au/national- aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-education-policy Garvey, D. (2013). Lecture 4 Indigenous Terms of Reference. [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from https://lms.curtin.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-2713321-dt-content-rid-9313038_1/xid-9313038_1 Harrison, N. (2011). Teaching and learning in Indigenous education. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. NSW Department of Health. (2004). Communicating positively: a guide to appropriate Aboriginal terminology. Retrieved from https://lms.curtin.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-2691632-dt-content-rid- 9179614_1/xid-9179614_1 Oxenham, D. (1999). Aboriginal terms of reference: The concept at the Centre for Aboriginal Studies. Curtin Indigenous Research Centre (CIRC) Discussion Paper. Centre for Aboriginal Studies. Retrieved from http://edocs.library.curtin.edu.au/eres_display.cgi?url=DC65009016.pdf Oxfam Australia. (n.d.). Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander cultural protocols. Retrieved from https://lms.curtin.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-2691633-dt-content-rid-9179611_1/xid-9179611_1 Truscott, T (2012). Lecture 4 Indigenous Terms of Reference. [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from https://lms.curtin.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-2676394-dt-content-rid-9126772_1/xid-9126772_1