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Published byFrancine Warren Modified over 8 years ago
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18.1 Origins of the Cold War
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Former Allies clash Soviet system of communism State controlled all property and economic activity Capitalistic American system Private citizens controlled almost all property and economic activity American democratic system The people elected a president and a congress from competing political parties In the Soviet Union The communist party established a totalitarian government in which no opposing parties were allowed to exist United States had kept its development of the atomic bomb a secret from the Soviets
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United Nations (UN) New international peacekeeping body June 26 th, 1945 UN headquarters was built in New York City
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The Potsdam Conference Truman pushed Stalin to allow free elections The Soviet dictator refused Soviet army occupied the Eastern Europe nations in question
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Tension Mounts Soviets tighten their grip on Eastern Europe Stalin installed or propped up Communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland Satellite nations- countries dependent upon and dominated by the Soviet Union
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Policy of Containment An effort to block the Soviets’ attempts to spread their influence by creating alliances and supporting weaker countries
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Cold War The state of hostility, short of direct military confrontation, that developed between the two superpowers
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The Truman Doctrine The United States should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by “armed minorities” or “outside pressures” Between 1947 and 1950, the United States sent over $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece
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The Marshall Plan June 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the United States provide aid to all European nations that needed it People opposed giving away $12.5 billion February 1948, Soviet tanks rumbled into Czechoslovakia and took over the country Sparked Congress into action A great success both economically and politically in European countries
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Superpowers Struggle over Germany The Soviet Union wanted to keep Germany weak and divided In 1948 England, France, and the United States decided to recombine the three western zones into one nation
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The Berlin Airlift The Soviet Union cut off all highway, water, and rail traffic into the western zones of Berlin West Berlin’s 2.1 million inhabitants would run out of food and fuel in about five weeks For 327 days, planes took off and landed every few minutes, around the clock In 277,000 flights, they brought in 2.3 million tons of supplies By May 1949, the Soviet Union realized it was beaten and lifted the Berlin blockade
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The NATO Alliance Ten western European nations Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal Joined with the United States and Canada on April 4, 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) An attack on one would be regarded as an attack on all
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