1. 5 | 1 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Psychoanalytic Social Psychology: Karen Horney

2. 5 | 2 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Karen Horney (1885-1952) Born near Hamburg, Germany Encouraged to study medicine by her mother Received her degree from University of Berlin Experienced challenges of having a career and children Moved to US in 1932 Disagreements with Freudian perspective led her to found the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and American Institute of Psychoanalysis

3. 5 | 3 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Anxiety Anxiety result of social and environmental forces Basic Anxiety –Pervading feeling of being lonely and helpless in a hostile world Base evil –Negative factors that provoke insecurity called base evil

4. 5 | 4 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Neurotic Needs or Trends Defense attitudes –Developed to permit us to cope with the world –Minimize feelings of anxiety Neurotic needs or trends –Defense attitudes that become exaggerated or inappropriate strivings –Three types of coping strategies Primary modes of relating Moving against Moving away

5. 5 | 5 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Horney's Ten Neurotic Trends Based on information in K. Horney, Self Analysis. New York: Norton, 1942; K. Horney, Our Inner Conflicts, New York: Norton, 1945; and K. Horney, Neurosis and Human Growth, New York: Norton, 1950. Used by permission of W.W. Norton & Co.

6. 5 | 6 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Horney's Ten Neurotic Trends (continued) Based on information in K. Horney, Self Analysis. New York: Norton, 1942; K. Horney, Our Inner Conflicts, New York: Norton, 1945; and K. Horney, Neurosis and Human Growth, New York: Norton, 1950. Used by permission of W.W. Norton & Co.

7. 5 | 7 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Idealized Self Real self –Represents what we are, those things that are true about us Idealized self –Represents what we think we should be and is used as a model to assist us in developing our potential and achieving self-actualization Alienation Tyranny of the should

8. 5 | 8 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Normal and the Neurotic Self

9. 5 | 9 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Thinking Critically The Tyranny of the Should –Can you name some significant “shoulds” that you have devised to safeguard your image of self, such as being a good student or maintaining an ideal weight? –Can you identify the origin of your “shoulds”? –Can you think of different “shoulds” that diverse cultures foster? –What might happen if you were to give up one of the “shoulds” that is giving you problems?

10. 5 | 10 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Feminine Psychology Psychological theory that focuses on women’s experiences Womb envy –Women have a superior role in sexual life due to ability to bear and nurse children; men experience intense envy –Impressive achievements of men in creative fields may be seen as compensations for inability to bear children

11. 5 | 11 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Assessment and Research in Horney’s Theory Used free association and dream analysis as her assessment of personality Systematic self-analysis Stimulated research in –Feminine psychology –Hypercompetitiveness –Attachment theory –Parenting styles

12. 5 | 12 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Philosophy, Science, and Art: Horney’s Theory Horney was engaged in scientific activity and believed her method and therapy must be open to scientific investigation and research Theory reflects deep philosophical commitments Particularly valuable contributions to art of performing therapy