1. Bacteria –One celled organisms with plant and animal characteristics –Can exist almost anywhere! On skin In water In air In decayed matter On environmental surfaces In body secretions On clothing Even under the free edge of the nail!

2. 2 Types of Bacteria PathogenicPathogenic –Harmful/disease-producing NonpathogenicNonpathogenic –Helpful/Harmless Decompose refuse/improve soil fertilityDecompose refuse/improve soil fertility Metabolize foodMetabolize food Protect against infectionProtect against infection

3. Classifications-3 types of Pathogenic Cocci- round, appear alone or in groups Bacilli- Short, rod-shaped; most common; produce diseases such as: –Tetnus –Typhoid fever –Tuberculosis –Diphtheria Spirilla- spiral/corkscrew –Two groups: Treponema papillida –Syphilis (STD) Borrelia burgdorferi –Lyme disease

4. 3 Types of Cocci What are Cocci?What are Cocci? –Staphylococci Pus-formingPus-forming Grow in clusters like grapesGrow in clusters like grapes Cause abscesses, pustules, and boilsCause abscesses, pustules, and boils –Streptococci Pus-formingPus-forming Arranged in curved lines like a string of beadsArranged in curved lines like a string of beads Cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoningCause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning –Diplococci Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumoniaSpherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia

5. What do they look like?

8. Bacteria Movement and Stages

9. How do they move? Rarely show motility (self- movement); transmitted in air, dust, or wherever they settle COCCI Motile and use slender, hair-like extensions called FLAGELLA that use a snake-like motion or CILIA that move in a rowing like motion Bacilli and Spirilla

26. Stages of Bacterial Growth Active Thrive in warm, dark, moist and dirty places Only takes 20-60 minutes to reach full growth! Then they divide into two cells through ________ creating new cells called daughter cells

27. Inactive or spore-forming Such as anthrax and tetanus bacilli When bacteria forms spherical spores with tough outer coverings They are resistant to adverse conditions They allow dormant bacteria to withstand long periods without food Spores can be blown about the salon and come to rest on various surfaces When conditions are good again….they become active and begin to grow and make baby daughters again!

28. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN MS. K??? Even bacteria in the inactive stage can be a threat to the spread of disease and infection in the salon!!!

29. Questions What bacteria move with hair-like extensions? What extensions move in a snake- like motion? What stage does bacteria take 20-60 minutes to reach full growth?

30. Bacterial Infections Happen when the body is invaded by pathogenic bacteria Inflammation and pus are indicators Local infection Confined to a particular part of the body A pimple (doesn’t run throughout the body) Appears as a lesion containing pus

31. Types of Bacterial Infections Staphylococci- most common Responsible for: Food poisoning Toxic Shock Syndrome MRSA − Initially appears as a skin infection, like a pimple, rash or boil that won’t heal − If not treated, it can become systemic and cause death − What does systemic mean?

32. Is it local or systemic? Local Infections Confined to a single area Pimple, boil, infected cut Contains pus − Made up of bacteria, living and dead cells, white blood cells, and waste matter Staphylococci most common pus- forming bacteria

33. Systemic Spread through the whole body through the blood stream or lymphnodes Examples: − Syphilis − Blood poisoning Contagious or Communicable It can be spread from one person to another!

34. What is the most common way infections are spread? Contaminated implements Coughing and sneezing Infected nails or dirty nails Dirty towels Open sores Telephone receivers Runny nose and spit

35. Viruses Parasitic particles that infect cells and can take over the host cells reproductive functions –Live by penetrating cells –Resistant to antibiotics –Prevented by vaccination Not available for all –Examples HPV (Plantar Warts) Chicken Pox Rabies

36. Bloodborne Pathogens Disease-causing pathogens that travel how? ExamplesHepatitis – Involves inflammation of the liver –It’s present in the body fluids of an infected individual –3 main types Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C

37. Hepatitis Hepatitis A –Lasts about 3 weeks –Symptoms are similar to the flu –May cause yellowing of the skin and eyes –Spread through: Close contact Poor cleanliness Contaminated food, milk, water, and shellfish Sexual contact Common amongst food handlers A vaccine is available!

38. Hepatitis B (HBV) –Can cause long-term hepatitis, cirrhosis, and/or liver cancer –May be no symptoms or flu-like symptoms –Primarily transmitted through sexual contact and infected needles –Vaccine is available MOST DIFFICULT TO KILL ON THE SURFACE!

39. Hepatitis C –Spread from person to person through blood contact, sexual conduct and from parent to child! –Progresses slowly Only 1/3 of people know they have it! –Symptoms include fatigue and stomach pain –No Vaccine is Available

40. HIV/AIDS What does it stand for? Spread by: –Unprotected sex –Sharing needles –Accidents with needles –Through cuts and sores (but less likely) People may not know they are carrying the virus!

41. How is it not spread?? Pre-cautions –If you accidentally cut a client who is HIV positive, you must stop and clean/disinfect the implement you used! How many of you got all the word-bank words sorted in the right columns?

42. Fungi Microscopic plant parasites includes molds, mildews, and yeasts Mildew affects plants and inanimate objects (moldy bread), not humans! Mildew affects plants and inanimate objects (moldy bread), not humans! Most common include: Tinea Barbea or Barber’s Itch Tinea Barbea or Barber’s Itch Tinea Capitis Tinea Capitis Tinea Pedis Tinea Pedis

43. Tinea Barbae Superficial fungal infection Primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp Almost exclusively in older adolescents and adult males Comes from clippers and implements that are not disinfected!

45. Tinea Capitis Fungal infection of the scalp Red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicle Also arises from unclean hair implements!

46. Tinea Pedis Ringworm of the foot Makes a red ring like patch on the skin May form blisters

47. Parasites Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in other living organisms. Can be internal or external How do you get internal parasites? How do you get internal parasites? Raw fish like sushi or raw meat like a rare steak! How do you get external parasites? How do you get external parasites? Skin to skin contact; object to skin Examples of external are: Head Lice Head Lice Scabies Scabies Fleas Fleas Ticks Ticks

48. Eggs Lice Eggs Lice Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice)

49. Scabies

50. Questions What is Tinea Barbae and how is it contracted? Why is this important for us to know? What is fungi? What are we going to do if we see any signs of a fungal infection or evidence of parasites?

51. It’s an Invasion of the body snatchers! Pathogens enter the body through Pathogens enter the body through Breaks in the skin Breaks in the skin Mouth, nose, ears and eyes Mouth, nose, ears and eyes Unprotected sex Unprotected sex The body fights back! Unbroken skin Unbroken skin Body secretions Body secretions Like sweat and digestive juices White blood cells White blood cells antitoxins antitoxins

52. Immunity Natural Immunity Passed down from your parents (genetics) Passed down from your parents (genetics) May be part of your DNA Partly due to living a healthy lifestyle Partly due to living a healthy lifestyle Acquired Immunity Developed after the body has overcome the disease Developed after the body has overcome the disease Through inoculation Or being sick, like having the chicken pox

53. Questions Name the 3 types of bacteria Staphylococci, bacilli, and spirilla are what type of bacteria? I am rectangle shaped and I have rowers to help me move….please tell me my name and the name of my rowers! What does a virus do to a cell?