1. TIPS FOR ANSWERING LONGER ANSWER QUESTIONS Which command word is used? These tell you what to do. Explain, Describe, Discuss, Compare Check you know what they all mean. Underline or circle key words Explain why the amount of fertiliser used is increasing, and describe the damage that fertilisers can cause to life in rivers and lakes. What key words might be needed to answer the question? Write them down. Make sure you know what they mean. Organise them, either in groups, or in an order. How many marks is it worth? Have you written enough?

2. More KEY WORDS! Check your answer... Level 3 5-6 marks 1.Have you used any of the key words? 2.Have you made some key points? Level 0 0 marks No Yes 1.Have you used lots of the key words? 2.Have you fully described any of the key points? 3.Is there a logical order? Level 1 1-2 marks No Yes 1.Have you used all the key words correctly? 2.Have you justified your conclusion using correct science? 3.Is your spelling faultless and your report logical? Level 2 3-4 marks No Yes More KEY WORDS? Check the ORDER? Think more SCIENCE! More DETAIL! Check your SPELLING!

3. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Small molecular elements and compounds have low melting points and boiling points, don’t conduct electricity and are gases at room temperature. Give some examples from the atmosphere and explain why they are like this. 6 marks Key words Molecule Element Compound Atom Forces Intermolecular Energy Weak force Strong force Covalent bond Charge Electrons Hints List some elements and compounds found in the atmosphere Explain how the atoms are held together in these molecules Explain why they don’t conduct electricity Explain the forces of attraction between the molecules _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar

4. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks For each of the elements, use the data provided to describe the state at room temperature (25 o C). 6 marks Key words State Solid Liquid Gas Melting Boiling Temperature Hints Look at data for oxygen. Identify state at 25 o C. Look at data for nitrogen. Identify state at 25 o C. Look at data for bromine. Identify state at 25 o C. _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Melting point ( o C) Boiling point ( o C) Oxygen-219-183 Nitrogen-210-196 Bromine-759

5. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Covalent compounds are chemically bonded and have complete outer shell of electrons through sharing electrons with another atom. Draw dot cross diagrams for the following covalent compounds Hydrogen H 2 Carbon dioxide CO 2 Methane CH 4 6 marks QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Hints Use. or x to represent electrons Use the periodic table to check number of electrons in outer shell. Remember one shared pair of electrons = one bond.

6. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Using your knowledge of ionic bonding and ionic compounds in the hydrosphere, explain why sodium chloride (NaCl) has a high boiling point. 6 marks Key words Ion Ionic Positive Negative Lost Gain Electron Metal Attract Bond Energy Forces Hints Which ions are present in NaCl? Why are the two ions attracted to each other? Consider number of bonds/attraction _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Consider energy needed to break the bonds

7. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Explain two different ways in which you could identify an unknown positive ion. 6 marks Key words Ion Ionic Positive Negative Lost Gain Electron Metal Non metal Precipitate Sodium Hydroxide Flame test Hints Explain what a positive ion is. Describe one way you can test for a positive ion. Describe a second way of testing for a positive ion. _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Give at least two examples of observations you would see.

8. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Explain two different ways in which you could identify an unknown negative ion. 6 marks Key words Ion Ionic Positive Negative Lost Gain Electron Metal Non metal Carbonate Fizz Acid Sulfate Precipitate Hints.Explain what a negative ion is Describe one way in which you could test for an unknown negative ion Describe one other way in which you could test for an unknown negative ion _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Give at least two examples of observations you would see

9. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Diamond and graphite are both giant covalent structures of carbon that are found naturally occurring as minerals in the earths crust which is part of the lithosphere. Compare the differences between their structure and properties which make them suitable for very different uses. 6 marks Key words Hints Describe the structure of diamond and its properties and name a use. Describe the structure of graphite and its properties and name a use. Compare the structure of diamond and graphite _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Link structure to their uses.

10. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Metal ores are rocks that contain varying amounts of minerals from which metals can be extracted. Often the metals is in a metal oxide such as Iron in haematite. Explain, including an equation, how Iron (Fe) can be separated from Iron (II) oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ). 6 marks Key words Reduction Oxidation Ore Metal Carbon monoxide Electrolysis Extracted reactivity Hints What chemical can be used to extract iron from iron oxide? Include a word equation… add a symbol equation too. Identify which reactants are oxidised and which are reduced. _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar

11. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Some reactive metals have to be extracted using electrolysis. Explain how electrolysis can be used to remove aluminium (Al) from its ore, bauxite (Al 2 0 3 ). 6 marks Key words Electrolysis Electrodes Positive ions Negative ions Molten Oxides Conduct Attract Hints Define the term electrolysis Explain what happens at the negative electrode. Explain what happens at the positive electrode. _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Include an equation showing the process.

12. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks How much copper (Cu) can be extracted from 800g of copper oxide (CuO), and how much from 800g of CuCO 3 ? Remember to show your working. Explain which ore would be the most efficient to mine. 6 marks Key words Atomic mass RAM RFM Percentage Extracted Oxide Mass Yield Efficient Proportion Hints Work out the relative formula mass of CuO and CuCO 3 ? What is the relative atomic mass of Cu? Show your working for both calculations _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Compare them deciding which would be more efficient and why.

13. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Which three of these elements are most likely to be metals. Explain how you that the other is definitely NOT a metal. 6 marks Key words Melting Boiling State Conduct Free electrons metallic Hints Identify which are metals. Link the properties to the arrangement of atoms Identify which isn’t a metal _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar Which properties tell you it isn’t? elementMelting point ( o C) Density (g/cm 3 ) Electrical conductivity A10848.9EXCELLENT B-3913.6VERY GOOD C35003.51VERY POOR D15367.87VERY GOOD

14. Level 3 - 5to 6 marks Level 2 – 3 to 4 marks Level 1 – 1 to 2 marks Known bauxite reserves are expected to last for many years to come. The aluminium industry says that this means the aluminium industry is sustainable. Discuss if this statement is correct by considering the environmental impact. 6 marks Key words Mining Bauxite Social Economic Environment Product Transport Extraction Landfill Deforestation Pollution Landfill Hints Explain the term sustainability. consider the environmental consequence of mining consider the environmental impact of the production process _____________________________________________ QWC - Bubbles Complex answer Extensive key words Logical order Excellent spelling, punctuation and grammar Detailed answer Many key words Clear order Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Simple answer Few key words No order Poor spelling, punctuation and grammar consider the environmental impact of recycling