1. TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS Chapter 5

2. CHEMICAL BONDS Atoms bond by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons in their outer rings. The way an atom fills its outer ring determines what type of bond it has.

3. IONS Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons. Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons. If an atom LOSES an electron it is positively (+) charged and is called a CATION If an atom LOSES an electron it is positively (+) charged and is called a CATION If an atom GAINS an electron, it is negatively (-) charged and is called an ANION If an atom GAINS an electron, it is negatively (-) charged and is called an ANION

4. IONIC BONDS Ionic bonds are bonds created between oppositely charged IONS. Ionic bonds are bonds created between oppositely charged IONS. Ionic bonds are usually between a metal and nonmetal. Ionic bonds are usually between a metal and nonmetal.

5. IONIC BONDS Compounds with ionic bonds are usually hard, brittle solids with high melting points. Compounds with ionic bonds are usually hard, brittle solids with high melting points. Ionic compounds usually break apart when hit by a hammer. Ionic compounds usually break apart when hit by a hammer. Examples: NaCl, Plaster, Sea Shells Examples: NaCl, Plaster, Sea Shells

6. BONDING OF IONS When ions bond, they form a repeating, 3-D pattern called a CRYSTAL LATTICE. Positive and negative ions alternate in a pattern.

7. COVALENT BONDS Atoms forming COVALENT bonds share a pair or more of electrons. Atoms forming COVALENT bonds share a pair or more of electrons. These bonds are usually formed between two or more nonmetals. These bonds are usually formed between two or more nonmetals.

8. COVALENT BONDS Covalently bonded compounds form individual molecules. Covalent substances have low melting and boiling points and are brittle when they are solids. Examples are: water, sugar, carbon dioxide

9. METALLIC BOND A metallic bond occurs when the outer rings of electrons of metals overlap. A metallic bond occurs when the outer rings of electrons of metals overlap. Metallic bonds are bonds between atoms of the same metal. Metallic bonds are bonds between atoms of the same metal.

10. METALLIC BONDS In metallic bonds, atoms arrange themselves in a pattern kind of like the ionic lattice. In metallic bonds, atoms arrange themselves in a pattern kind of like the ionic lattice. In metallic bonds, though, electrons are allowed to move about freely. In metallic bonds, though, electrons are allowed to move about freely. This allows metals bonded in this way to bend, be malleable, and ductile. This allows metals bonded in this way to bend, be malleable, and ductile.