1. Go to section Pretest 1.Describe the structure of atoms. 2.True or False: Objects with opposite charges attract one another. 3.What are valence electrons? Chapter 6

2. Go to section Pretest (continued) 4.Which group in the periodic table contains elements that hardly react at all? 5.Where on the periodic table are nonmetals generally found? 6.How do the compositions of mixtures differ from those of substances? Chapter 6

3. Go to section Pretest (continued) 7.What property is being described when someone says that a solid is easily hammered into sheets? a.conductivity b.malleability c.melting point d.density Chapter 6

4. Go to section Interest Grabber Observing Charged Objects Record your observations as your teacher does the following demonstration. Cut two pieces of string about 3 feet in length (or long enough to extend from your teacher’s head to the ceiling). Tie the ends of the strings together and use a thumbtack to hang them from the ceiling. Tie a balloon to the end of each string. Stand under and between the balloons and rub both them on your hair. Let go of the balloons and walk away from them. 1.What happens to the balloons? 2.Offer an explanation for the behavior of the balloons. 3.Predict which subatomic particle is most likely to be transferred during the rubbing. Give a reason for your choice. Section 6.1

5. Go to section Reading Strategy Sequencing Section 6.1 a.form a cation b. form an anion

6. Go to section Electron Dot Diagrams for Some Group A Elements Figure 2

7. Go to section Interest Grabber Ionic Compounds Study the samples provided by your teacher. Use the list of properties of ionic compounds to determine which if any of the samples are ionic compounds. Some properties of ionic compounds: 1.solid at room temperature 2.relatively high melting point 3.crystalline 4.brittle Section 6.2

8. Go to section Reading Strategy Relating Text and Visuals Section 6.2 a.Dots represent valence electrons. b. A line represents a pair of shared valence electrons. c.Three-dimensional spheres represent atoms. d.Electron clouds represent atoms.

9. Go to section Molecular Models of Hydrogen Figure 9

10. Go to section Molecular Models of Hydrogen Figure 9

11. Go to section Molecular Models of Hydrogen Figure 9

12. Go to section Molecular Models of Hydrogen Figure 9

13. Go to section Molecular Models of Hydrogen Figure 9

14. Go to section Interest Grabber Writing Formulas The names of some compounds contain clues about their chemical formulas. Look at the names of the compounds below. Try to write a formula for each compound based on what you can derive from its name and what you know about the elements the compound contains. Explain how you determined each formula. 1.sulfur trioxide 2.magnesium bromide 3.iron(II) chloride Section 6.3

15. Go to section Reading Strategy a. and b. Students should assume that any particle described as an ion has a charge. If they know the meaning of poly-, they may predict that the ion contains two or more atoms. Section 6.3 Predicting

16. Go to section Common Anions Figure 16

17. Go to section Some Metal Cations Figure 17

18. Go to section Some Polyatomic Ions Figure 19

19. Go to section Using Scientific Notation Section 6.3

20. Go to section Using Scientific Notation Section 6.3

21. Go to section Using Scientific Notation Section 6.3

22. Go to section Using Scientific Notation Section 6.3

23. Go to section Interest Grabber Comparing Melting Points The table below compares the melting points of some metal elements, nonmetal elements, and ionic compounds. Study the table and answer the question. Is bonding in metals more like bonding between nonmetals or bonding in ionic compounds? Give a reason for your answer. Section 6.4 1330°CCalcite (CaCO 3 ) Ionic Compounds 2825°CMagnesium Oxide (MgO) 114°CIodine (I 2 ) 115°CSulfur (S 8 ) Nonmetals 1668°CTitanium (Ti) 1907°CChromium (Cr) Metals Melting Point Name

24. Go to section Reading Strategy Relating Cause and Effect Section 6.4 a. and b. conductivity or malleability

25. Go to section Bonding and Malleability of a Metal Figure 22

26. Go to section Bonding and Malleability of a Metal Figure 22

27. Pretest Answers 1.Describe the structure of atoms. 2.True or False: Objects with opposite charges attract one another. 3.What are valence electrons? electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom Chapter 6 Click the mouse button to display the answers. An atom consists of a dense, positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by space in which negatively charged electrons move.

28. Chapter 6 Pretest Answers (continued) Click the mouse button to display the answers. 4.Which group in the periodic table contains elements that hardly react at all? 5.Where on the periodic table are nonmetals generally found? 6.How do the compositions of mixtures differ from those of substances? the noble gases the right side The composition of a mixture can vary. The composition of a substance is fixed.

29. Chapter 6 Click the mouse button to display the answers. Pretest Answers (continued) 7.What property is being described when someone says that a solid is easily hammered into sheets? a.conductivity b.malleability c.melting point d.density

30. Interest Grabber Answers 1.What happens to the balloons? Answers will vary. The balloons move apart, or repel each other. 2.Offer an explanation for the behavior of the balloons. Rubbing caused the balloons to gain a similar charge. 3.Predict which subatomic particle is most likely to be transferred during the rubbing. Give a reason for your choice. Electrons are most likely to be transferred based on their location in atoms and their motion. Section 6.1

31. Interest Grabber Answers Study the samples provided by your teacher. Use the list of properties of ionic compounds to determine which if any of the samples are ionic compounds. Some properties of ionic compounds: 1.solid at room temperature 2.relatively high melting point 3.crystalline 4.brittle You should conclude that the samples provided are not or do not contain ionic compounds. (Possible samples include paraffin wax, rubber, vegetable oil, and ice.) Section 6.2

32. Interest Grabber Answers 1.sulfur trioxide SO 3, because tri means three. 2.magnesium bromide MgBr 2, because Mg (Group 2A) has ions with a 2+ charge and Br (Group 7A) has ions with a 1– charge. 3.iron(II) chloride FeCl 2 (or Fe 2 Cl, depending on what you think the Roman numeral II indicates). Section 6.3

33. Interest Grabber Answers Is bonding in metals more like bonding between nonmetals or bonding in ionic compounds? Give a reason for your answer. Bonding in metals is more like the bonding in ionic compounds because the melting points of metals and ionic compounds are higher than those of nonmetals. Section 6.4

34. Chapter 6 Go Online Self-grading assessment Articles on metals For links on ionic bonds, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1061.www.SciLinks.org For links on covalent bonding, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1062.www.SciLinks.org For links on chemical formulas, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1063.www.SciLinks.org

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