1. Where Did Agriculture Originate? Chapter 10: Agriculture Key Issue 1

2. Origins of Agriculture Hunters & Gatherers – Small groups (approx. 50 or less) – Gender roles Men = hunters and fishermen Women = gatherers – Collected food often and moved often – Lifestyle is found only in very isolated areas Ex. Spinifex (Australia), Sentinelese (India), Bushmen (Botswana & Namibia)

3. Origins of Agriculture We use as much information from the past to theorize about origins of agriculture – Geographers agree that ag. started in multiple places – Geographers don’t agree on when, where, & why ag. started and diffused Several different hearths of agriculture – SW Asia – E. Asia – Central Africa – Latin America

4. Agricultural Hearths

5. Origins of Agriculture Crops were likely domesticated about: – 10,000 years ago in Asia – 8,000 years ago in Africa – 5,000 years ago in Latin America Agriculture could have originated because – Environmental factors: Climate change following the last Ice Age Redistribution of people, animals, etc. – Human factors: Preference for living in a specific place Observation of growth where discarded food was Improvements over time: watering, fertilizing, etc.

6. Subsistence vs. Commercial Ag. Five factors: – Purpose of Farming – Percent of farmers in the Labor force – Use of machinery – Farm Size – Relationship of farming & other businesses Connections between climate (maps on page 312-313) and culture (little pig farming in Muslim Middle East)