1. To Dear Staff and Students The prevention of respiratory tract disease----- influenza The prevention of respiratory tract disease----- influenza

2. The “ common cold ” and “ Influenza ” often occur and spread in southern city in this season of each year. So we specially remind you of the difference between “ Common cold ” and “ Flu ”, furthermore to prevent them. The “ common cold ” and “ Influenza ” often occur and spread in southern city in this season of each year. So we specially remind you of the difference between “ Common cold ” and “ Flu ”, furthermore to prevent them.

3. What ’ s the Difference Between Seasonal Flu, Pandemic Flu, and Avian (Bird) Flu? Influenza, or flu, is a respiratory infection caused by several flu viruses. Flu viruses are classified as types A, B, and C; Flu viruses are classified as types A, B, and C; type A has a number of subtypes. type A has a number of subtypes. The flu is not the same as the common cold, nor common coldcommon cold is it related to what is commonly called the “ stomach flu. ”

4. Seasonal Flu Seasonal flu is the term used to refer to the flu outbreaks that occur yearly, mainly in the late fall and winter. It is estimated many people come down with the flu every flu season. Seasonal flu is the term used to refer to the flu outbreaks that occur yearly, mainly in the late fall and winter. It is estimated many people come down with the flu every flu season.

5. Pandemic Flu Pandemic flu refers to particularly virulent strains of flu that spread rapidly from person to person to create a world-wide epidemic (pandemic). Pandemic flu refers to particularly virulent strains of flu that spread rapidly from person to person to create a world-wide epidemic (pandemic).

6. Avian (Bird) Flu In nature, the flu virus also occurs in wild aquatic birds such as ducks and shore birds. It does not normally spread from birds to humans. However, pigs can be infected by bird influenza and can pass on the flu to humans. it was discovered that a virulent bird influenza had skipped the pig step and had infected humans directly, causing a number of deaths. In nature, the flu virus also occurs in wild aquatic birds such as ducks and shore birds. It does not normally spread from birds to humans. However, pigs can be infected by bird influenza and can pass on the flu to humans. it was discovered that a virulent bird influenza had skipped the pig step and had infected humans directly, causing a number of deaths. bird flu in humans have raised concerns that if this type of flu could at some point be transmitted between people, a new pandemic would occur. Thus, the term bird flu or avian flu is currently being used to refer to a possible pandemic flu. bird flu in humans have raised concerns that if this type of flu could at some point be transmitted between people, a new pandemic would occur. Thus, the term bird flu or avian flu is currently being used to refer to a possible pandemic flu.

7. Influenza (Flu) The flu, like the common cold, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. But the flu differs in several ways from the common cold. For example, people with colds rarely get fevers or headaches or suffer from the extreme exhaustion that flu viruses cause. The most familiar aspect of the flu is the way it can "knock you off your feet" as it sweeps through entire communities. The flu, like the common cold, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. But the flu differs in several ways from the common cold. For example, people with colds rarely get fevers or headaches or suffer from the extreme exhaustion that flu viruses cause. The most familiar aspect of the flu is the way it can "knock you off your feet" as it sweeps through entire communities.

8. Importance of Flu Besides the rapid start of the outbreaks and the large numbers of people affected, the flu is an important disease because it can cause serious complications. Most people who get the flu get better within a week (although they may have a lingering cough and tire easily for a while longer). For elderly people, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses, however, the flu and its complications can be life-threatening. Besides the rapid start of the outbreaks and the large numbers of people affected, the flu is an important disease because it can cause serious complications. Most people who get the flu get better within a week (although they may have a lingering cough and tire easily for a while longer). For elderly people, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses, however, the flu and its complications can be life-threatening.

9. Cause of Flu scientists have classified influenza viruses into types A, B, and C. scientists have classified influenza viruses into types A, B, and C. Type A is the most common and usually causes the most serious epidemics. Type A is the most common and usually causes the most serious epidemics. Type B outbreaks also can cause epidemics, but the disease it produces generally is milder than that caused by type A. Type B outbreaks also can cause epidemics, but the disease it produces generally is milder than that caused by type A. Type C viruses, on the other hand, never have been connected with a large epidemic. Type C viruses, on the other hand, never have been connected with a large epidemic.

10. Transmission of Flu You can get the flu if someone around you who has the flu coughs or sneezes. You can get the flu simply by touching a surface like a telephone or door knob that has been contaminated by a touch from someone who has the flu. The viruses can pass through the air and enter your body through your nose or mouth. If you've touched a contaminated surface, they can pass from your hand to your nose or mouth. You can get the flu if someone around you who has the flu coughs or sneezes. You can get the flu simply by touching a surface like a telephone or door knob that has been contaminated by a touch from someone who has the flu. The viruses can pass through the air and enter your body through your nose or mouth. If you've touched a contaminated surface, they can pass from your hand to your nose or mouth. You are at greatest risk of getting infected in highly populated areas, such as in crowded living conditions and in schools. You are at greatest risk of getting infected in highly populated areas, such as in crowded living conditions and in schools.

11. Symptoms of Flu If you get infected by the flu virus, you will usually feel symptoms 1 to 4 days later. You can spread the flu to others before your symptoms start and for another 3 to 4 days after your symptoms appear. The symptoms start very quickly and may include If you get infected by the flu virus, you will usually feel symptoms 1 to 4 days later. You can spread the flu to others before your symptoms start and for another 3 to 4 days after your symptoms appear. The symptoms start very quickly and may include Body aches Body aches Chills Chills Dry cough Dry cough Fever Fever Headache Headache Sore throat Sore throat Stuffy nose Stuffy nose Typically, the fever begins to decline on the second or third day of the illness. The flu almost never causes symptoms in the stomach and intestines. The illness that some call “ stomach flu ” is not influenza Typically, the fever begins to decline on the second or third day of the illness. The flu almost never causes symptoms in the stomach and intestines. The illness that some call “ stomach flu ” is not influenza

12. Cold vs Flu Symptoms Symptom Common cold Influenza Influenza FeverRare Usual; high,lasts 3 to 4 days HeadacheRare Usual; high; lasts 3 to 4 days General Aches, Pains Slight Usual; often severe Fatigue, Weakness Sometimes Usual; can last up to 2 to 3 weeks Extreme Exhaustion Never Usual; at the beginning of the illness Stuffy Nose CommonSometimes SneezingUsualSometimes Sore Throat CommonSometimes Chest Discomfort, Cough Mild to moderate; hacking cough Common; can become severe

13. Seasonal Flu Outbreaks Seasonal flu outbreaks usually begin suddenly and occur mainly in the late fall and winter. The disease spreads through communities, creating an epidemic. During the epidemic, the number of cases peaks in about 3 weeks and subsides after another 3 or 4 weeks. Half of the population of a community may be affected. Because schools are an excellent place for flu viruses to attack and spread, families with school-age children have more infections than other families, with an average of one- third of the family members infected each year. Seasonal flu outbreaks usually begin suddenly and occur mainly in the late fall and winter. The disease spreads through communities, creating an epidemic. During the epidemic, the number of cases peaks in about 3 weeks and subsides after another 3 or 4 weeks. Half of the population of a community may be affected. Because schools are an excellent place for flu viruses to attack and spread, families with school-age children have more infections than other families, with an average of one- third of the family members infected each year.

14. Prevention of Flu 1. Flu Vaccine The main way to keep from getting flu is to get a yearly flu vaccine. The main way to keep from getting flu is to get a yearly flu vaccine. You must get the vaccine every year, because it changes. you should get You must get the vaccine every year, because it changes. you should get vaccinated 6 to 8 weeks before flu season begins,because your immune vaccinated 6 to 8 weeks before flu season begins,because your immune system takes time to respond to the flu vaccine. system takes time to respond to the flu vaccine. Even if you do get the flu vaccine, you still may get infected, because the Even if you do get the flu vaccine, you still may get infected, because the strains of flu viruses change from year to year.however, the disease will strains of flu viruses change from year to year.however, the disease will usually be milder because the vaccine will still give you some protection. usually be milder because the vaccine will still give you some protection. 2. Medicine for Prevention Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir) 达菲 is against types A.B of Flu and Bird Flu Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir) 达菲 is against types A.B of Flu and Bird Flu Relenza ® (zanamivir) 乐瑞沙 is against types A.B of Flu and Bird Flu Relenza ® (zanamivir) 乐瑞沙 is against types A.B of Flu and Bird Flu 3. Other prevention a. Keep air fresh and clean; a. Keep air fresh and clean; b. Keep healthy habits ;such as washing hand,covering your mouth, while sneezing.etc. b. Keep healthy habits ;such as washing hand,covering your mouth, while sneezing.etc. c. Keep away from the contaminated resource and people- crowded place, c. Keep away from the contaminated resource and people- crowded place, d. Keep epidemic area disinfected during flu spreading. d. Keep epidemic area disinfected during flu spreading. f. Keep exercise to promote the resistance to diseases. f. Keep exercise to promote the resistance to diseases.

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