1. Mammalia

2. Mammal Evolution
Mammals are believed to have evolved from Reptiles during the late Jurassic period

3. Mammal Evolution
The first true mammal was a small, shrew-like organism that coexisted with Dinosaurs
Ex. Hadrocodium fossil found in Northern China in 2002

4. Mammal Evolution
Mammal’s inner-ear bones probably evolved from modified ancestral reptile jaw bones

5. Tachyglossus aculeatus
Mammal Taxonomy
spiny echidna
Tachyglossus aculeatus
Class Mammalia
Subclass Prototheria
Order Monotremata
duckbilled platypus
Ornithorhynchus anitinus
long beaked echidna
Zaglosssus bruijni

6. Mammal Taxonomy Class Mammalia Kangaroo Possum Didelphis virginiana
Subclass Theria
Infraclass Metatheria
Order Marsupialia
Koala
Tazmanian Devil

7. Mammal Taxonomy Class Mammalia Order Tubulidentata Order Pholidota
Pangolin
Class Mammalia
Subclass Theria
Infraclass Eutheria
Order Rodentia
Order Chiroptera
Order Insectavora
Order Carnivora
Order Primates
Order Artiodactyla
Order Lagomorpha
Order Cetacea
Order Perissodactyla
Order Sirenia
Order Proboscidea
Order Xenartha
Order Hyracoidea
Hyrax

8. 3 Major Reproductive Categories
Monotremes
Egg-laying mammals (Ex. Echidna + Platypus)

9. 3 Major Reproductive Categories
Marsupials
Embryos born very early and nurse from inside mother’s pouch (Ex. Kangaroo, Koala)

10. 3 Major Reproductive Categories
Placentals
Embryos develop inside the womb, receiving nutrients and O2 from the mother via the Placenta
Newborns fed milk from mammary glands.

11. Mammal Characteristics
Characterized by hair and mammary glands
Whales have very little hair

12. Mammal Characteristics
Mammalian brains are more developed and specialized (cephalized) than any other class of animals

13. Mammal Characteristics
All mammals have special sweat glands that are modified for producing milk, called Mammary glands

14. Mammal Characteristics
Mammals are Heterodontic
Teeth are differentiated
Used for biting, grinding, tearing and crushing
Ex. Incisors, molars, canines, etc.

15. Mammal Orders There are 19 orders of mammals
We will look at the characteristics of 14 of them
Order: Monotremata
Lay Eggs (Ex. Echidna, Platypus)
Order: Marsupiala
Young grow in pouch (Ex. Koala)

16. Order: Insectivora
Small pointed teeth, adapted mainly for eating insects
Ex. Moles, Shrews, Hedgehogs

17. Order: Rodentia Nearly 50% of mammals are rodents
Have no canine teeth, but two very larger incisors
Almost all are herbivores
Ex. Mice, Squirrels, Beavers

18. Order: Edentata
Have no teeth
Ex. Armadillos, Sloths, Anteaters

19. Order: Carnivora Very diverse group, Meat eaters
Canine teeth highly developed
Ex. Wolves, Bears, Raccoons, Otters, Skunks, Mongoose, Cats

20. Order: Serenia
Aquatic mammals that breathe through their mouth and nose
Herbivores
Ex. Manatees and Dugongs

21. Order: Chiroptera Forelimbs adapted for flight
May find prey by echolocation
Ex. Insectivorous Bats, Old World Fruit Bats

22. Order: Lagomorpha Large incisor teeth Hindlimbs larger than forelimbs
Ex. Rabbits and Pikas

23. Order: Cetacea Fully aquatic mammals Vestigial pelvic bones
Evolved from a wolf/bear-like land mammal

24. Order: Cetacea Highly developed brain Have a dorsal blow-hole
Ex. Toothed Whales, Baleen Whales

25. Order: Proboscidea
Nose and top lip are highly enlarged into a muscular trunk for grasping items
Ex. Elephants

26. Order: Primata Highly developed brains Often bipedal
Ex. Lemurs, Monkeys, Apes, Humans

27. Order: Primata Humans are relatively new primates
We appear to share a recent common ancestor with chimpanzees

28. Order: Artiodactyla Hooves with even-numbered toes
Many of them are ruminants with a 4-chambered stomach
Ex. Deer, Giraffe, Cattle, Pig, Camel, Hippo

29. Order: Perissodactyla
Have odd-numbered toes
Ex. Horses, Tapirs, Rhinoceroses

30. Hominidae
Fig

31. Human Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Order Primates
Family Hominidae
Genus Homo
Species sapiens

32. Human Ancesteral Lineages
Fig a