2.  A mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance in which they believe they are superior to others.

3.  Believing that you're better than others  Fantasizing about power, success and attractiveness  Exaggerating your achievements or talents  Expecting constant praise and admiration  Believing that you're special and acting accordingly  Failing to recognize other people's emotions and feelings  Expecting others to go along with your ideas and plans  Taking advantage of others

4.  Expressing disdain for those you feel are inferior  Being jealous of others  Believing that others are jealous of you  Trouble keeping healthy relationships  Setting unrealistic goals  Being easily hurt and rejected  Having a fragile self-esteem  Appearing as tough-minded or unemotional

5.  Narcissistic Personality Disorder is rare  Affects more men than women  Typically begins in early adulthood

6.  There is no known cause for Narcissistic Personality Disorder  Some researchers believe it could be caused by the following: › Parental disdain for fears and needs expressed during childhood › Lack of affection and praise during childhood › Neglect and emotional abuse in childhood › Excessive praise and overindulgence › Unpredictable or unreliable care giving from parents › Learning manipulative behaviors from parents

7.  Students with this personality disorder do not respect the boundaries of others, including the teacher and other staff  Likely to: › “Walk on” others › Monopolize class time › Behave as though they are more important than anyone and everyone else

8. Treatment is centered around psychotherapy:  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Family Therapy  Group Therapy

9.  Form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings and behaviors  People with personality disorders have characteristic patterns of thinking that get them into trouble  CBT is particularly helpful for people with personality disorders because of its emphasis on identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking patterns  While a person with Narcissistic Personality Disorder most likely believes that they are better than everyone else, with a therapist’s help, the individual is encouraged to challenge these irrational beliefs

10.  Guided discovery is a process in which a therapist uses questioning to work with the patient to develop new and different ways of viewing things.  Through Guided Discovery problems can be identified, examined, and solved.  For example, if an individual suffers from Narcissistic Personality Disorder, a therapist may use Guided Discovery to change the individual’s self-absorbed perceptions, to ones that are more realistic.

11. Duckworth, K. (2012, July). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (cbt)?. Retrieved from http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=About_Treatments_and_Suppo rts&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7952 Hoermann, S., Zupanick, C. E., & Dombeck, M. (n.d.).Cognitive-behavioral therapy for personality disorders (cbt). Retrieved from http://www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php?id=41578 Kinsella, P., & Garland, A. (2008). Cognitive behavioural therapy for mental health workers: A beginner's guide. (p. 17, 18). New York, NY: Routledge Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=HYbbElMpMTMC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17& dq=guided discovery therapy definition&source=bl&ots=JiAb- RNwo9&sig=nSLsP8p5dJWq1BZjBK9v8LwLDCI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LvjXUr- VE9agsQTAq4GIBQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011, November 04). Narcissistic personality disorder. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic- personality-disorder/basics/definition/con-20025568 (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Cognitive- behavioral-therapy.html Snyder, Bonnie. (2010). Coping with seven disruptive personality types in the classroom. Magna Publications, 23. Retrieved from http://nau.edu/uploadedFiles/Administrative/Provost/Faculty_Development/ Forms/coping.pdf West Suffolk CBT Service. (2009, March 6). What is guided discovery in cbt. Retrieved from http://www.counselling- directory.org.uk/counselloradvice9854.html