1. Impulse – Change in Momentum Post-Lab
Impulse - Change in Momentum Theorem
Units:
Since the graph is linear and contains (0,0)
Slope

2. Impulse – Change in Momentum Post-Lab
Area under the curve of a graph of Force vs. time
Impulse
The average force is simply the constant force that imparts the same impulse!

3. Impulse – Change in Momentum Post-Lab
Area under the curve of a graph of Force vs. time
Impulse
– the product of the average (constant) force and the time that force is applied
Units:

4. Impulse – Change in Momentum Post-Lab
Area under the curve of a graph of Force vs. time
Impulse
Impulse - Change in Momentum Theorem
For a constant (or average) Force
Units:

5. Impulse – Change in Momentum Post-Lab
Impulse - Change in Momentum Theorem
Notice from the lab that this equation holds in any type of collision.
Elastic Collision – a collision during which kinetic energy is conserved.
In other words, no energy is dissipated during the collision.
Inelastic Collision – a collision during which kinetic energy is not conserved. Some of the energy is dissipated and is usually stored as thermal energy or sound.

6. For constant (or average) forces
Derivation
For constant (or average) forces
But
Newton’s 2nd Law
For constant forces

7. (Assuming they have the same mass and start with the same velocity)
Which has the greatest change in momentum, an object that bounces or one that stops?
(Assuming they have the same mass and start with the same velocity)
Data Studio
An object that bounces has a greater change in momentum as a result of the greater impulse imparted to it.
Also, the object changes direction and therefore undergoes a greater change in velocity!
If it stops:
If it bounces:

8. a. How long is the force applied?

9. b. How big of an average force would need to be applied if it lasted 6
b. How big of an average force would need to be applied if it lasted 6.0 s?
Notice: twice the time requires only half the force!