1. Political Parties Development of Political Parties

2. What is a Political Party? ● Political Party o An organization of individuals with broad, common interests who organize to win elections and operate the government ● United States is said to be a two-party system

3. History of Political Parties ● U.S. Constitution does not mention political parties ● George Washington and the 1796 Farewell Address o Warned against political parties

4. History of Political Parties cont. ● Two rival political groups began in the late 1790s ● Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson o favored a weak national government and stronger state governments ● Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton o favored a strong national government o Known as the federalists (party of the 2 nd president of the U.S., Adams)

5. Jefferson’s Democratic Party ● Democratic-Republican Party ● Elected several Presidents o Thomas Jefferson (1800) o James Madison o James Monroe o John Quincy Adams ● “Era of Good Feelings” o Began shortly after the victory of the War of 1812 and lasted throughout James Monroe’s two terms as president o One party dominated America

6. Election of 1824 ● 1824 Election o All four presidential candidates ran as Democratic- Republicans o Andrew Jackson (43%), John Quincy Adams (30%), William Crawford, and Henry Clay o No candidate received a majority of votes in the Electoral College so the House of Representatives choose between the top two candidates

7. Democratic Party ● Angry over the “corrupt bargain” between John Q. Adams and Henry Clay ● Democratic-Republican Party split in 1828 ● Those who supported candidate Andrew Jackson became known as the Democratic Party o Emphasized ties to the common man

8. The Whigs or National Republicans ● Created in 1830 to compete with Andrew Jackson and the Democrats ● Name draws a parallel to the American Whigs of 1776 that fought for independence from British tyranny ● Two Whig candidates elected president o William Henry Harrison o Zachary Taylor

9. The Republican Party ● In 1854, the Republican Party was formed o Members from Democrat and Whig Parties who opposed slavery ● Agreed that slavery must be kept out of Northern territories (not abolish slavery altogether) ● Won 1860 Presidential election with Abraham Lincoln

10. Third Parties ● What is a third party? o Smaller, minor parties that compete for power in the nation’s two- party system ● Third Parties typically don’t win elections, but have influence American politics in several ways

11. The Influence of Third Parties ● Promote ideas ● The Populist Party (1890s) o Farmers and laborers o 8 hour work day o Popular election of Senators (17 th ) ● The Progressive Party (1912) o More direct role in government o Initiative and Referendum

12. The Influence of Third Parties cont. ● Single issue third parties o Prohibition Party formed in 1869 ● The Prohibition Party wanted to ban the sale and consumption of alcohol (18 th Amendment)

13. The Influence of Third Parties cont. ● Ideological Parties o support a particular philosophy or political doctrine ● Socialist Labor Party o Government ownership of factories, resources, and transportation ● Communist Party USA

14. The Influence of Third Parties cont. ● Independent candidates ● Third Parties coalesce around leaders with strong personalities o Wealthy business leader H.Ross Perot in 1992 o Received 19% of the popular vote which may have helped Clinton get elected

15. Other Party Systems ● Multiparty systems o In these systems, three or more parties compete for control of the government o Examples  Canada (3)  Germany (5)  Israel (20)

16. Other Party Systems ● One-Party System o Ex. The People’s Republic of China only allows one party, the Communist Party, to exist

17. How Do Democrats and Republicans Differ? ● Beliefs about how much the government should be involved in the lives of citizens o Democrats more involved government o Republicans less involved government

18. How Do Democrats and Republicans Differ? cont. ●Platform: o A series of statements expressing the party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

19. Formative Assessment In the following slide you will be required to take a formative assessment focused on the information you just learned. Please select the best answer for these questions. If you miss any of these questions, please go back and review the material before you move forward.

20. Formative Assessment Question 1 Who warned against the formation of political parties in his Farewell Address? George Washington James Madison James Monroe Thomas Jefferson

21. Formative Assessment Question 2 What type of party system does the United States have? Two-party system One-party system Multi-party system No party system

22. Formative Assessment Question 3 Which political party was founded by Thomas Jefferson? The Democratic-Republicans The Federalists The Whigs The Democrats

23. Formative Assessment Question 4 Why did the Democratic Party form? To support Andrew Jackson and emphasize the common man To support the abolition of slavery To support Abraham Lincoln and the Union To support Henry Clay and the common man

24. Formative Assessment Question 5 Which is TRUE of third parties in the United States? While they have never won a presidential election, their ideas have influenced American government and politics They are very competitive and have won several presidential elections. They have little influence over American government or politics. They have never had a candidate actually run for president.

25. Citations (Images and references) Slide 1:. N.d. Photograph. n.p. Web. 5 Jun 2014. Slide 2: Jakeschov, Jana. 2006. Graphic. n.p. Web. 14 Apr 2013. http://openclipart.org/people/Machovka/Machovka_Writing.svg. Slide 3: Cyberscooty,. Book Stack. 2012. Graphic. n.p. Web. 14 Apr 2013. http://openclipart.org/people/cyberscooty/book_stack.svg. Slide 4: Levy, David. 2013. Photograph. n.p. Web. 28 Apr 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_cropped.jpg. Use: http://old.citationmachine.net/index2.php?reqstyleid=1&mode=form&reqsrcid=MLAWebImage&src Code=12&more=yes&nameCnt=1 http://old.citationmachine.net/index2.php?reqstyleid=1&mode=form&reqsrcid=MLAWebImage&src Code=12&more=yes&nameCnt=1 To make your citations. Take a look at this to see how it is done. http://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/c21hbYngBH