1. ASPECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE FISHERS OF NA PRU VILLAGE, THAILAND Richard B. Pollnac & Dawn Kotowicz, University of Rhode Island Kingston RI, USA

2. WHY EXAMINE JOB SATISFACTION? TO UNDERSTAND ASPECTS OF FISHER’S RELUCTANCE TO LEAVE THE OCCUPATION TO BETTER IDENTIFY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE OR SUPPLEMENTAL LIVELIHOODS FOR FISHING COMMUNITIES

3. NA PRU VILLAGE Located on Andaman Sea coast in Tambon Na Kha, Sub-District of Suk Samran, Ranong Province. The area of Tambon Na Kha is 284.8 km2 with a population of approximately 5584 (50% female and 50% male). Livelihood: fisheries and orchard crops.

4. LOCATION OF RESEARCH AREA

5. THE SMALL-SCALE FISHERY OF NA PRU Mechanization is minimal with motors for relatively small boats and minimal use of winches for pulling gear such as traps. Most fishers own their own gear, and if they do not, they can accumulate sufficient capital for purchase in a matter of a few years or obtain a loan from a fish buyer on reasonable terms. Fishers switch between fishing types/gears

6. BOATS

7. GEARS: NETS

8. GEAR: CRAB TRAPS

9. Characteristics of sample fishermen YEARS YEARS H.H. AGE EDUC. FISHING SIZE Minimum 23.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 Maximum 63.0 12.0 50.0 9.0 Mean 39.8 5.9 15.0 4.1 S.d. 9.4 2.8 10.2 1.6 N=60

10. EVALUATING JOB SATISFACTION ADAPT MEASURE USED ON EAST COAST USA AND SE ALASKA USE ITEMS FROM 3 DIMENSIONS OF EARLIER STUDIES PLUS TWO NEW CATEGORIES FIVE POINT SCALES FOR ITEMS ON EACH DIMENSION

11. Basic needs physical safety predictability of your earnings level of your earnings mental pressure peace of mind cleanliness number of hours you spend working healthfulness physical fatigue time needed to get to the fishing ground? ability to feed your family level of your catches

12. Social needs being out at sea come and go as you please the time you spend away from home the opportunity to be your own master community in which you live time available to recreate with family and friends

13. Self-actualization challenge adventure worth of job

14. Management level of conflict how conflicts are resolved management performance of government officials rules and regulations influence you have on the management

15. Valuation of nature condition of your landing place or port condition of the fish stocks

17. Correlations between selected variables and job satisfaction categories. BASIC SOCIAL SELF VALUE NEEDS NEEDS ACTU. MANAGE. NATURE Age -0.27* 0.13 -0.21 -0.15 0.12 Education 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.07 0.12 Years Fishing 0.03 0.32* -0.07 0.12 0.02 Household size 0.01 0.03 -0.19 0.05 0.14 N=60 * = p< 0,05

21. HOW CAN WE EXPLAIN THESE DIFFERENCES? In a study we conducted in 2005 in 5 villages south of Na Pru, those who lost family members or friends to the tsunami did tend to report that they would leave the occupation for an alternative providing the same income. Nevertheless, personal injury resulting from the tsunami did not have this effect.

24. Correlations between selected job satisfaction categories. BASIC SOCIAL SELF NEEDS NEEDS ACTUAL. MANAGEMENT 0.548* 0.379* 0.117 VALUE NATURE -0.064 0.159 -0.070 N=60 *P<0.01

25. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS FISHERS SCORE ABOVE SCALE MEDIAN ON MOST MEASURES….. NO BETWEEN FISHING TYPE DIFFERENCES IN EVALUATIONS… MOST SAY THEY WOULD LEAVE OCCUPATION BUT…..