1. ILLEGAL FISHING IN THE PACIFIC THE GOVERNANCE & LAW ENFORCEMENT INTIATIVES & CHALLENGES LAGI TORIBAU OCEANS TEAM LEADER GREENPEACE AUSTRALIA PACIFIC Lagi.Toribau@greenpeace.org

2. THE PACIFIC The world’s largest and relatively last healthiest tuna fisheries Share migratory stock amongst 17 developing island nations US$4billion dollar industry with well over 2million tonnes of tuna Tuna is oil for the Pacific. Key revenue and economic venture Over 30million km 2 of ocean Illegal Fishing a KEY threat to sustainability

3. GREENPEACE WORK IN THE PACIFIC Regional fisheries campaign since 2002. Tuna focus across 17 FFA countries Political engagement across national/regional level 2004 ship tour 2006 Joint surveillance exercise. Joint MOU with Kiribati and FSM 2008 high seas expedition 2009 high seas expedition

4. PIRATE FISHING Illegal Fishing from sea to port (Port call requirements) Underreporting, non-reporting, unregulated fishing Illegal vessel operating with legal vessels Pure high seas fleets At sea transhipment, refueling (entry point) MCS capacity limitation

5. THE CHALLENGES Too Many Boats Open Access Fishery – TAC, Punitive Requirements Observers Limitations VMS problems Limited MCS infrastructure – patrol boats + fuel Access To Information and its Verification Regional Coordination and Sharing of Information VOI + IUU Lists – WCPFC IUU list (political reality) Mothership + Bunker Vessels Port State control (boarding and inspection) Political WILL and Corruption

6. COMMON BEHAVIOUR OF FISHING VESSELS Fake Documents Physical Characteristics – paper work match Changing Names at sea – photograph importance VMS/ALC tampering (system + seal) At sea crew changeover (link to transshipment + law limitation Verification of Vessel + Catch Log (mapping + physical checks) 3 vessels log Importance of Verification of Data/Documents Minor violations of Licensing Conditions Sharing of paperwork at sea Pirate boats operate alongside Legal Boats HIGH SEAS – A Big Problem (WCPFC powers)

7. Institutional Framework THE EEZ : FFA Secretariat - PNA, FSM Arrangement, Palau Arrangement, Niue Treaty THE HIGH SEAS : WCPFC National government : policy implementations Local participation MCS Network, TCU etc.. Fisheries governance is the sum of the legal, social, economic and political arrangements used to manage fisheries. (MRAG FMSP Policy Brief 5)

8. OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS NATIONAL LEVEL Interagency coordination body Develop standard criteria and strategy for pre-arrival assessment, standardized port state boarding and departing info intel. Develop a manual for boarding and inspection personnel on ‘what to look for’, ‘what to verify’, ‘how to verify’ & predefined action scenarios More training Tighter port security Transparency. Public and centralized access to vessel/licensing/owner/vessel movement information. REGIONAL LEVEL Pacific transnational crime network to study/pay attention to high seas fleets and fleets that have transshipped or refueled at sea. Longliners focus. Enhance participation in the regional MCS network as an information source

9. VINAKA VAKALEVU AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION