1. Review Totalitarian Capitalism vs. Communism Iron Curtain Containment Domino Theory Berlin Airlift Korean War Vietnam Cuban Missile Crisis Middle East Arms Race

2. 10.9.7 Analyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union, including the weaknesses of the command economy, burdens of military commitments, and growing resistance to Soviet rule by dissidents in satellite states and the non-Russian Soviet republics.

3. The Collapse of the Soviet Union Ch. 19.3 Main Idea: Democratic reforms bring dramatic change to the Soviet Union, ultimately lead to its collapse. Why it Matters: Russia cont. to struggle to establish democracy.

4. Objectives List two events that led to the breakup of the Soviet Union. What type of leader was Mikhail Gorbachev? What type of leader is Vladimir Putin?

5. Setting The Stage 1980s- Soviet reforms brought hope for Central and E. Europe Satellites had not been able to make polit./econ. decisions of their own

6. Falling of the Old Guard Leonid Brezhnev –Soviet premier 1964- 1982. –Very conservative Stalinist –Encouraged silence –Discouraged free thinking –After his death, who would succeed him? Soviet Premier Brezhnev 1906-1982

7. A Younger Leader Mikhail Gorbachev –Young, reform minded –1982 becomes Soviet Premier –Youngest leader (54 years old) since Stalin. Mikhail Gorbachev 1931-?

8. Gorbachev Reforms 1985 –Glasnost (Openness): Allows free flow of ideas and info. Churches reopen Reporters investigate problems Banned authors publish books. Citizens begin to complain Because of his reforms becomes TIME magazines “Man of the Decade.”

9. Econ. inefficient –Consumers complain: Lack of goods Long lines 1986 –Perestroika: Restructuring of the econ. –Small private businesses opened –Econ. becomes more productive and efficient

10. 1987 –Democratization: Voters choose from a list of candidates –Instead of one. Many lesser known, reform minded candidates won. –They bring “new” idea’s

11. US Changes Foreign Policy 1981-1989 –Ronald Reagan President Increases milit. spending to $2 Trillion Forces USSR to keep up. –Forces reform in USSR Spend more $$ on milit. 1911-2004 Ronald Reagan

12. Hungarian Communists Disband pushed a sweeping reform program Private enterprise Est. Small stock Market New Constitution Multiparty free elections Communists eventually voted out 1994- socialist and democratic parties form a coalition and jointly rule 1998- Joined NATO Excessive Govt. spending 2001- econ. Hardship due to weak exports and inflation

13. Germany Reunifies 1989 Hungary allowed vacationing E.German tourist to cross the border on their way to Austria From Austria they could travel to W. Germany Thousands of E. Germans began to use this new escape route

14. Fall of The Berlin Wall E. Germany responds by closing its borders OCT. 1989 Huge demonstrations break out all across E. Germany 1989 E. German leader Egon Krenz opened the wall to restore communism (by reliving the pressure)

15. Reunification of Germany Reunification began after the fall of Communism in E. Germany Many feared a Unified Germany ( Why?) German chancellor Helmut Kohl assured the world that The Germans had learned from their past 10/3/90 Germany officially reunited

16. Ethnic Unrest 100 different ethnic groups in USSR: –Most in outlying states –With reforms, unrest spreads –States begin to break away.

17. Soviet States Breakaway 1990 –Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia Independent prior to WWII Declare independence –Gorbachev sends in troops »14 unarmed citizens die, 100’s wounded

18. Old Communists: –Fear reforms would lead to collapse of USSR Blame NEW communists and their “new” ideas. –Decide to remove Gorbachev from power Karl Marx, Lenin, Stalin looking down on Gorbachev New VS. Old

19. The August Coup Aug. 18, 1991: 1.Gorbachev detained at vacation home 2.Tanks and army roll into Moscow –People not afraid –Army refuses to attack –Party collapsed Yeltsin’s speech atop a tank Moscow 1991.

20. Russia 1991 -2002 Inflation rate 800 % 50,000 Homeless Children in Moscow Unemployment Rate High Decline in Population

21. New Leader: Russia 2012 Vladimir Putin - Reasserting Totalitarian control? $777 billion from 2012- 2020 to overhaul the Russian Military. Vladimir Putin

23. Objectives List two events that led to the breakup of the Soviet Union. What type of leader was Mikhail Gorbachev? What type of leader is Vladimir Putin?

24. Video 15 Facts