1. AQUA AMSR-E MODIS POES AVHRR TRMM TMI ENVISAT AATSR GOES Imager Multi-sensor Improved SST (MISST) for GODAE Part I: Chelle Gentemann, Gary Wick Part II: Jim Cummings, Eileen Maturi gentemann@remss.com www.misst.org

2. Outline Project Data –Enhanced data sets designed for use in analyses –Observation errors –Diurnal warming –Cool skin SST analyses Impact Studies

3. A proposal in 2 parts Part 1 : Data Production & Analysis –Significant R&D component –Produce an improved Global 10 km NRT SST through the combination of observations from complementary IR and MW sensors Part 2 : Impact Assessment –Demonstrate the impact of these improved SST products on operational ocean models, NWP, and tropical cyclone intensity forecasting

4. MISST L2P SST Data –NAVOCEANO NOAA-18, NOAA-17 –RSSTMI, AMSR-E orbital TMI, AMSR-E gridded –NOAA GOES-East&West (MTSAT) –JPL GDACMODIS Terra & AQUA OBPG / RSMAS Successful production of 8 (9) SST L2P datasets with time of observation, location, bias, standard deviation, ….

5. MODIS L2P SST Bias Flags STD

6. GOES L2P SSTAOD Wind SSI

7. Diurnal Warming 2)Parameterization of IR and MW retrieval differences, with consideration of diurnal warming and cool-skin effects required for multi-sensor blending. TRMM 0530 0730 1330 0830 DMSP POES 24 15 08 3 K

8. Skin effect 2)Parameterization of IR and MW retrieval differences, with consideration of diurnal warming and cool-skin effects required for multi-sensor blending. Depth (mm) Cool skin Magnitude (K) IRMW Increasing wind speed 0 5 10 15 wind speed (m/s) SST Skin –Bulk (K) 0.0 -0.4  T=-0.14-0.3e (-u/3.7) Figure from Donlon, C. J., P. Minnett, C. Gentemann, T. J. Nightingale, I. J. Barton, B. Ward and, J. Murray, “Towards Improved Validation of Satellite Sea Surface Skin Temperature Measurements for Climate Research”, J. Climate, 15(4), 353-369, 2002.

9. SST analyses www.misst.org US GODAE server Navy 9km OI SST : www.usgodae.org NOAA server AVHRR 17/18 + GOES E/W 11km OI SST: www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/index.php AVHRR+AMSR-E 25km daily OI SST: Reynolds RSS server: 25km MW OI SST: www.remss.com 9km IR+MW OI SST: www.remss.com All data, documentation, and software are freely available via ftp & http

10. Global 10 km NRT SST

11. MODIS+AMSRE+TMI

12. Impact Studies 5)Targeted impact assessment of the SST analyses on hurricane intensity forecasting, numerical data assimilation by ocean models (both national and within GODAE), numerical weather prediction, and operational ocean forecast models. NWP – NRL Monterey Do merged SSTs improve assimilation of AMSU radiances? Are L2P errors useful? Do multiple satellite SSTs improve NOGAPS forecasts?

13. NOGAPS TC track Although there was no significant difference in the track forecast errors overall, there were areas where the use of the MISST SST analyses resulted in significantly improved NOGAPS TC track forecasts

14. Impact Studies 5)Targeted impact assessment of the SST analyses on hurricane intensity forecasting, numerical data assimilation by ocean models (both national and within GODAE), numerical weather prediction, and operational ocean forecast models. Hurricane Intensity Forecasting Do higher spatial/temporal SSTs improve accuracy of intensity forecasting? DeMaria(NOAA) : evaluate the utility of these new merged SSTs in the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) Cione (HRD): evaluate the merged SSTs in his developmental inner-core SST algorithm

15. NOAA OPC Impact Studies Ming Ji, Director of the NCEP Ocean Prediction Center (OPC) at NOAA to run impact studies. OPC issues 109 daily operational marine forecast products including surface analysis and up to five-day lead time forecasts of ocean surface winds and wave heights for offshore regions OPC forecasts serve commercial shipping, commercial and recreational fishing communities, and to protect life and properties. OPC does not have operational SST analysis and forecast products at present.

16. SHIPS

17. Research into CO2 fluxes PgC/yr

18. Impact at operational centers NAVOCEANO has benefited from MISST by: –Providing access to multiple SST data sets from national and international providers –Access to more SST data has provided the opportunity to assimilate more data into K10, MODAS, and NCODA analyses –K10 now operationally uses AMSR-E data –NCODA has been designed to assimilate multiple data sets, currently it assimilates AVHRR, GOES, AMSR-E, AATSR, MSG

19. Impact at operational centers NOAA NCEP has benefited from MISST by: –MISST development of ‘best-practice’ methodologies to account for diurnal warming and cool skin effects –Development of sensor errors –AMSR-E assimilation and skin temperature determination extensions to the JCSDA CRTM (Community Radiative Transfer Model) –New Reynolds daily 25km AMSR-E + AVHRR

20. MISST Website

21. Links to all data

22. Reports

23. Thank you! www.misst.org