1. Chapter 9 Key Issue #1 Essential Question? Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? Development: Process of improving Process of improving the material conditions the material conditions of people through of people through diffusion of knowledge diffusion of knowledge and technology. and technology.

2. Two groups These are usually clustered in different spaces. These are usually clustered in different spaces. Questions to ask-??? Questions to ask-??? Why are some regions more developed than others?Why are some regions more developed than others? What are LDC’s doing to become MDC’s?What are LDC’s doing to become MDC’s? 1. More developed (MDC) - AKA Relatively Developed or Developed Country 2. Less Developed (LDC) - AKA Developing Country

3. HDI UN selects factors that best reveal the country’s level of development UN selects factors that best reveal the country’s level of development one economic factor (GDP per capita)one economic factor (GDP per capita) two social factors literacy rate & amount of educationtwo social factors literacy rate & amount of education one demographic factor (Life Expectancy)one demographic factor (Life Expectancy) Since 1990, these 4 factors are combined to produce a country’s HDI Since 1990, these 4 factors are combined to produce a country’s HDI Highest possible HDI is 1.0 or 100 percent Highest possible HDI is 1.0 or 100 percent

5. Gross Domestic Product per Capita MDC’s make around $10-$15 per hour MDC’s make around $10-$15 per hour LDC’s make usually less than $1 per hour LDC’s make usually less than $1 per hour GDP is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country throughout a year GDP is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country throughout a year GDP obviously not a perfect measurement of a country’s level of development GDP obviously not a perfect measurement of a country’s level of development

7. Types of Jobs Primary Primary AgricultureAgriculture MiningMining FishingFishing forestryforestry Secondary Secondary ManufacturingManufacturing Processing, transforming and assembling raw materials into useful products Processing, transforming and assembling raw materials into useful products Tertiary Tertiary ServicesServices Retailing Retailing Banking Banking Law Law Education Education Government Government

10. What Do We Mean By Development? The three objectives of development The three objectives of development increases in availability and improvements in the distribution of food, shelter, health, protection, etc.increases in availability and improvements in the distribution of food, shelter, health, protection, etc. improvements in ‘levels of living,’ including higher incomes, more jobs, better education, etc.improvements in ‘levels of living,’ including higher incomes, more jobs, better education, etc. expansions in the range of economic and social choices available to individuals and nationsexpansions in the range of economic and social choices available to individuals and nations

11. Measuring Development United Nations Development Program Overview 2005 Click for Animated Graphs Click for Animated Graphs Click for Animated Graphs Economic Indicators Economic Indicators Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Types of Work (Economic Sectors)Types of Work (Economic Sectors) Social Indicators Social Indicators Education and LiteracyEducation and Literacy Health and WelfareHealth and Welfare Demographic Indicators Demographic Indicators Life Expectancy (37 - 80 years)Life Expectancy (37 - 80 years) Infant Mortality ( 100 per thousand)Infant Mortality ( 100 per thousand) Natural Increase (0 - 4.7 %)Natural Increase (0 - 4.7 %)

15. % of people working in agriculture exceeds 75% in most LDC’s of Africa & Asia % of people working in agriculture exceeds 75% in most LDC’s of Africa & Asia Anglo-America and most of Western Europe is less than 5% of people working in Agriculture Anglo-America and most of Western Europe is less than 5% of people working in Agriculture MDC usually has limited farmers producing enough food for the society so others can be free to contribute in the national wealth by working in the secondary and tertiary sectors MDC usually has limited farmers producing enough food for the society so others can be free to contribute in the national wealth by working in the secondary and tertiary sectors

16. Productivity The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor need to make it The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor need to make it Workers in MDC’s are more productive and produce more with less effort Workers in MDC’s are more productive and produce more with less effort WHY?????? WHY??????

17. Raw Materials Such as minerals, trees, oil Such as minerals, trees, oil Must have energy to operate the factories Must have energy to operate the factories Hydroelectricity, coal, oil, natural gas, uraniumHydroelectricity, coal, oil, natural gas, uranium Europe had an abundant amount of coal and iron ore but ran short of raw materials Europe had an abundant amount of coal and iron ore but ran short of raw materials What did they do??? What did they do???

18. Consumer Goods Consumer goods and services are luxuries such as car, telephones, computers, entertainment. Consumer goods and services are luxuries such as car, telephones, computers, entertainment. A good indicator of a society's development is A good indicator of a society's development is motor vehicles (access to jobs and services and permit business to distribute their products)motor vehicles (access to jobs and services and permit business to distribute their products) Telephones (enhance communications with suppliers and customers of goods and services)Telephones (enhance communications with suppliers and customers of goods and services) Televisions (provide exposure to activities in different locations)Televisions (provide exposure to activities in different locations)