1. NATIONAL NETWORK hosted by Dalhousie University in Halifax $25M Federal funding (2012-2017) renewable twice; additional funding from partners brings together Canadian researchers, stakeholders and users in a multisectoral partnership to better understand and predict the impact of marine hazards on human activities and ecosystems…. AND IMPROVE RESPONSE.

2. Facing Galway: Some Atlantic Canadian realities…  Small population / tax-base (c. 2.5 million inhabitants)  Political / economic “influence“ of region is limited  Federal government science capacity is decreasing....  No new funding mechanisms comparable to Horizon 2020 → A diverse and changing funding landscape for ocean observation… and changing priorities… Government Department of Fisheries and Oceans Environment Canada Defence Research and Development Canada Natural Resources Canada Canada Space Agency Academic esp. NSERC Individual projects and larger networks (OTN, MEOPAR, ONC, ArcticNet, etc. Industry Oil and gas Transportation Aquaculture Fishing MEOPAR may help to build a joined-up Canadian effort… Initial efforts include:

3. COMING UP, May 2014 Smart Ocean / Smart Industries Canada: An International Workshop to Advance Industry- Science Collaboration and Ocean Industry Data Collection in Canada ….will set the stage for an initial Canadian Atlantic pilot project on ocean observations by industry, in support of Canada’s commitment to trans-Atlantic research under the “Galway Statement on Atlantic Ocean Cooperation,” with potential for future expansion to the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. 27-29 May 2014, Montreal, QC, Canada Montreal Community Workshops. March 2014 Established “Ocean Gliders Canada” Develop shared operational support Inventory Canadian capabilities and activities Share information and activities via a web portal Coordinate training opportunities and emergency response capabilities Created a “Canadian Community of Practice for Ocean Data Management”: Explore how to inventory current ocean data holdings Examine how to build a national structure that builds on local and regional strengths Identify, share and make use of code and distributed expertise Coordinate links to international data infrastructures (IOOS, Copernicus, etc.)

4. Observing System Strategy: Agree on principles Identify needs, opportunities, allies: set priorities, avoid over-reach Mobilise and align multiple, multisectoral funding sources* *(incl. international partnerships) Principles Use the 4 M’s * Science-led (but involve people!) Flexible, interoperable, relocatable Concentrate on data sharing/ access Plan for sustainability Build on what exists (i.e. has survived) Identify and promote RAD’s Encourage international involvement Explicit links to operational models Explicit links to remote sensing * Multidisciplinary, multisectoral, multipurpose, multinational →Draft Strategy Paper: Towards a Canadian Contribution to an Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System

5. → Possibilities for INTERNATIONAL shared planning and funding of “Arctic and Marine” infrastructure through Canada Foundation for Innovation. New Infrastructure Opportunities?

6. Identify and promote RAD’s Researcher Aggregating Devices: Focus infrastructure, observations AND projects spatially Ideally where science and user needs intersect Requires discipline and compromise Regions must be carefully chosen: enough science for all? International and open Fish Aggregating Device (FAD) 4 RADs and Their Motivations: Baffin Bay / Davis Strait: GreenEdge project; Ice-cover and ecosystems; Arctic /freshwater transport; air-sea exchange Labrador Sea: VITALS, OSNAP Deep-water formation, freshwater impacts, MOC, CO2, O2, acidification Flemish Pass: MOC, heat flux, CO2 flux, biodiversity, deepwater oil Scotian Shelf/Slope: MOC, acidification, deep circulation, biodiversity, deepwater oil; air-sea

8. Horizon 2020 Topics arising from Galwaye, of high relevance to MEOPAR include: EU 15-20 million EU 6 million EU 3.5 million

9. Transatlantic Research School Ocean System Science & Technology HalifaxKiel Cape Verde EUR€1.8 million CAN$3.2 million Goal: Convey technical and research skills in ocean science and advanced technologies, and promote informed management of deep sea and open ocean environments.

10. Outcome #3: two, new, bilateral Graduate Schools... Germany: Uni. Bremen + AWI Canada: Univ. Quebec a Montreal + 8 other Canadian Universities NSERC CREATE: Transatlantic Ocean System Science and Technology Helmholtz Research School Ocean System Science and Technology Ecosystem Hotspots; Ocean Dynamics; Seafloor Structures Germany: GEOMAR + Uni. Kiel Canada: Dalhousie University and Halifax Marine Research Institute

11. Climatological Mean Air-Sea CO 2 Flux (Takahashi et al, 2009)

12. Large mapping errors in the Labrador Sea and around the Grand Banks … can be seen as a consequence of the lack of training data in this area. The extension of monitoring pCO2 is highly recommended as our results indicate a significant improvement in the basin-scale pCO2 maps… more observations would be particularly useful in the Labrador Sea and the NAC area. Friedrich, T., and A. Oschlies (2009), Neural network-based estimates of North Atlantic surface pCO2 from satellite data: A methodological study, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C03020, doi:10.1029/2007JC004646 Accuracy of Basin-Wide pCO 2 Maps Seasonal mean RMS error ( μ atm)