1. Mazrui: Influences Semitic Impact (Jews, Arabs, & Christianity )

2. Triple heritage Islamic legacy Western legacy Indigenous Africa

3. Ancient triple heritage North Africa and Ethiopia

4. Jewish impact Actual presence: –Falashas –Sephardic Jews--North Africa –Ashkenazic Jews-South Africa

5. Religious impact Direct (origin myth) Indirect through Christianity and Islam

6. Influence Idea of the Diaspora Metaphor for the African predicament “Let my people go” Economic penetration (minimal) Information on Israel, etc. is out-dated

7. Christianity Ethiopia 4th century Solomon & Queen of Sheba Widespread, influence of monotheism

8. Arab impact on Africa after the 8th century Linguistic-- –Arabic – Hausa, Somali – Swahili Arabic-- communication and writing

9. Alphabet Arabic receding south of the Sahara Being replaced by Roman alphabet

10. Arabization Through language “Biology”---child is Arab if father is an Arab

11. Wide range of phenotypes: Black, brown, white, –range of races Ancient Egyptians were not Arabs

13. Religious Impact of the Arabs: Islam High-- West Africa and Horn Low or none-- Central and Southern Africa

14. Islam has impacted on African political culture Origins of some of the states Islamic law System of trade

15. Wide variety of ideas and values Different civilizations Religious diversity Racial diversity Africa is a cultural bazaar

17. LUVALE OF ZAMBIA Trisected by colonialism Zambia, Angola, Zaire Civilization of the Granaries Chiluvale language

18. LUVALE AGRICULTURE slash and burn traditionally millet and sorghum then cassava (manioc/yuca) corn (maize)