1. Role of DSS to Manage Reject Water and Address Source Sustainability By Subhash Jain Independent Development Consultant, New Delhi subhashjain8@gmail.com

2. Drinking Water Supply – Scenario Key factors and Challenges Access - a closer look Water Quality Challenges and market interventions Broad indications on point-of-use Community Safe Water Solutions Key Environmental Concerns & options to address Water Resource Assessment Blending of Reject to minimize wastage Conclusion Outline

3. Rural household covered by piped water supply 30.8% have treated water Only 17.9% Urban Rural Population have access 97% 93% Piped on premises 54% 16% Source: Progress and update on Sanitation and Drinking water, 2015 update and MGD assessment, page 65, WHO & Unicef publication and Market review by Safe Water Network Drinking Water Supply – Scenario

4. 833 million rural people without treated water access ~37.7 million people impacted annually by waterborne diseases

5. Limited fact-base for what works what doesn’t and why. 30-60% of rural water systems are inoperative at any given time. Despite the billions spent on water projects…

6. Key factors and Challenges Water Demand Water Supply Population Growth UrbanizationIndustrialization 6

7. Access Source : Census 2011 Source : Available Government Data 1,19,567 Crores in last 10 years 181% increase 1,19,567 Crores in last 10 years 181% increase

8. Increasing awareness for clean drinking water Increasing awareness about the health benefits of treated water Non-reliable public water supply Convenience to manage point-of-use filters at household Cost-economic Personalized Popular options: Point-of-use water filters – these are popular in urban areas Community size water treatment system – gaining popularity in rural areas/peri-urban Factors for growth of water filters/water treatment plants Market is filling this gap Technology development – range of options Entrepreneurs Service providers Media Water Quality Challenges & Market Intervention

9. 2015 2020 Water Quality Challenges & Market Intervention Lack of information to users about the contaminants and type of filters to be installed at household – normally RO selected ULB and PRI are responsible for water supply

10. Community Safe Water Solutions Locally owned and operated systems, with external linkages as necessary Provide safe water access to local communities Use treatment technologies appropriate for water quality challenges Make water available to consumers at affordable prices

11. Generates Reject Water Depletion of Source Water Key Environmental Concerns

12. LOCAL WATER SOURCES Develop source information based on participatory hydrological data recording and communities education Demarcate watershed/aquifer area Setup observation well Record pre-post monsoon water level Carry out aquifer character analysis Develop long term, water balance Develop water security and safety plans for addressing quality and sustainability challenges. IMAGE TBD TARGET: sustainable source water

13. Watershed area: 859 Sq Km Micro-watershed: 16.5 Sq Km (3 SWS located) Figure 1. Delineation of smaller watersheds: sub-watersheds WATERSHED DELINEATION

14. Water Level Fluctuation WL in meter

15. Average Annual Rainfall (mm)*895 Area (in Hectare) – Micro-watershed**1650 Total Rainfall in Micro-watershed in Mm³/year14.8 Ground water recharge assumed 15% Mm³/year2.2 Surface flow Mm³/year (20%)3 Absorbed by soil - available for plants & ET+PET (65%)9.6 *Indian Meteorological Department **Stations under study: Nizampally, Gangirenigudem, Gorikothapally Water Storage Mm³/year Utilization Mm³/year Storage (tanks, ponds..)1.06Population0.1 Surface flow - storage1.89Cattle0.04 Water Available for ground water productivity (20%) 0.38Crops & others15.2 Total Water Available = ground water + storage 2.59Annual Water Utilisation Mm³/year 15.3 Water Balance (deficit)-12.7 WATER BALANCE STUDY

16. Stage/ParametersLevelFrequency On site During treatment -TDS, pH, Residual Chlorine & F Hand held meterDaily – TDS & pH (Cl & F as required) Laboratory Selection of water source (detail analysis 25 parameters) IS NABL LaboratoryOnce (to select or reject the source) Treated Water SampleIS NABL LaboratorySix monthly Raw Water SampleIS NABL LaboratoryAnnually Reject Water SampleIS NABL LaboratoryAnnually Water Quality Monitoring System

17. Blending of Reject Water Blending of 50% reject water - potential to save water & energy Sl No TDS Range in ppm (Raw Water) Number of Stations Expected reduction of reject L Energy saving approx. hrs 1< 5004 540,620541 2500 to 999174,918,9604919 31000 to 1499205,764,7365765 4> 15003610,413,215 We can save ~11 Million L raw water per year from 41 stations and ~53.6 hrs energy/plant from pumping of bore well water

18. Conclusion The community size treatment plant operator to adopt ecosystem approach to address source sustainability. – Monitor source water, – Engage user groups – Work toward water augmentation for achieving water safety and security at local level. Water quality test supported with advisory are essential to select right water treatment system, specially point-of-use filters, to avoid huge water losses Systematic water quality monitoring of Raw water, Reject water and Treated water on periodic interval are essential to decide the adoption of Reject Water Blending for minimizing wastage of water

19. Thank you