1. By Christine Chang, Jennifer Riley, and Jacob Piotrowski AP European History Period 4

2. Gothic Art Medieval art movement that developed in France in the mid-12th century The earliest Gothic art was monumental sculpture on the walls of Cathedrals and abbeys Most Gothic and Romantic artists were politically conservative Was succeeded by Renaissance art during the 16 th century The Western Portal at Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1145).

3. Gothic Architecture The most common form of Gothic art was architecture, such as churches(ex. Reims Cathedral) and castles Characteristics of Gothic architecture includes pointed arches and flying buttresses along with high towers. They were also very tall and narrow. Gothic buildings were built in such a way in order to allow as much light into the building as possible. Gothic buildings were some of the largest buildings of the period

4. Styles of Gothic Architecture The styles of Gothic art varied from country to country. French cathedrals had a distinct emphasis on height while cathedrals in England emphasized length. Many cathedrals in Germany and Belgium were influenced by the French Gothic style. Other distinct Gothic variations included the spatial complexity of buildings on the Iberian peninsula and the use of contrasting marble to decorate buildings in Italy.

5. Interior of the Reims Cathedral showing the height of French Gothic buildings

6. An English Gothic cathedral emphasizing length of a building.

7. The Barcelona Cathedral designed with the Iberian style of Gothic architecture

8. Romantic Art Romanticism was the opposition to the ideas of the enlightenment during the early nineteenth century. It began to grow in popularity during the Napoleonic times. The main ideas of romanticism consisted of nationalism, history, and religion. Neo-Gothicism: Romantic artists portrayed scenes from medieval life, because it was a stable society that was slowly changing in its own time. Artists also focused on nature and portray it realistically. Artists include Joseph Turner and Casper David Friedrich

9. King Ludwig II of Bavaria's Gothic castle, which portrayed the most extensive Neo-Gothic monument of central Europe

10. Sublime An aspect of Romanticism was the sublime. The sublime is objects from nature that evoke strong and passionate emotions, such as fear, dread, etc. Romantic artists felt that nature was an infinite set of forces, overwhelmed the human mind, that the human mind can never comprehend

11. The Romantic artist Joseph Mallord William Turner painted Rain, Steam, and Speed- The Great Western Railway in 1844. The painting, very vague, illustrated the increase of pollution and decrease of the natural environment. The train is the main figure covering the bridge and man in the corner to the left covering them steam, demonstrating the power the industrial age had over everything during that time.

12. John Constable’s Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows, which displays the appeal of Romantic art to both medieval monuments and the sublime power of nature

13. Caspar David Friedrich, a German painter, created The Polar Sea in 1824. This painting demonstrated the power of nature and the vulnerability of manmade items, with the small, seemingly insignificant boat to the right.

14. Other Artworks Eugene Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People, the most famous image recalling the revolution in France in 1830

15. Interior at Petworth by Joseph Turner