1. Skeletal System Diseases and Disorders By 3 rd Block

2. BURSITIS, DISLOCATION, AND SPRAIN

3. BURSITIS This is an inflammation of the bursae. A bursae is small, fluid-filled sac surrounding the joints It mainly affects shoulders, elbows, hips, or knees. Symptoms are severe pain, limited movement, and fluid accumulation in the joint Treatments for bursitis pain medications, injecting steriods and anesthetics into joint, rest, aspiring, and physical therapy to preserve joint motion

4. DISLOCATION AND SPRAIN A dislocation is when a bone forcibly displaced from a joint. mostly occurs in shoulders, fingers, knees, and hips. Dislocation is helped by a splint, cast, or traction. a sprain is when twisting action tears the ligaments at a joint. Most commonly found in the wrists and ankles. Treatment methods are rest, elevation, ect Symptoms for a sprain include: pain, swelling, discoloration, and limited movement

5. By Tessa Dunham RUPTURED DISCS

6. A disc in general is a pad in between the vertebral bodies adding cushion and minimizing the movement of the spinal column. A ruptured disc occurs when there is a problem with one of the discs. It could also irritate nearby nerves. WHAT IS A RUPTURED DISC?

7. Causes: disc-degeneration (the older you get the more water you lose which causes them to be less flexible resulting in tearing) Symptoms: arm and leg pain, muscle weakness, numbness or tingling Treatment: over the counter medication, narcotics, muscle relaxers, nerve pain medication, cortisone injections, therapy (heat or ice, traction, short-term bracing)

9. SPINAL CURVATURES

10. WHAT ARE SPINAL CURVATURES  Abnormal curvatures of the spinal column include kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis. Kyphosis or “Hunchback”, is a rounded bowing of the back at the thoracic area. Scoliosis is a side-to-side, or lateral, curvature of the spine. Lordosis, or “sway-back”, is an abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar region.

11.  Causes: Poor posture, congenital defects, structural defects of the vertebrae, malnutrition, and degeneration of the vertebrae.  Treatment: Therpeutic exercises, firm matresses, and/or braces are main forms of treatment. Severe deformities may require surgical care. Causes and Treatment

13. Simple, compound, greenstick, comminuted, impacted, spiral, depressed, colles FRACTURES CRACK OR BREAK IN A BONE

14.  Causes- usually caused by a fall  Signs & symptoms- pain and swelling, tenderness, numbness, & weakness and inability to bear weight.  Treatment- reduction : putting a bone back in its proper place closed reduction : positioning the bone in correct alignment, usually with a traction, and applying a cast or splint to maintain the position until the fracture heals. open reduction : surgical repair of the bone in some cases using special pins, plates, or other devices that are implanted to maintain correct position of the bone. CAUSES, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT

15. O STEOPOROSIS

16. T REATMENT : INCREASE INTAKE OF CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D, F OSAMAX & C ITRACEL TO INCREASE BONE MASS, EXERCISE, AND ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT. Causes: 1. hormone deficiency 2. prolonged lack of calcium in the diet 3. sedentary lifestyle Symptoms: 1. back pain 2. loss of height over time 3. stooped posture Increased porosity or softening of the bones

18. O STEOMYELITIS

19. T REATMENT : ANTIBIOTICS Causes: 1. formation of an abscess within the bone 2. An accumulation of pus in the medullary canal Symptoms: 1. pain at the site 2. swelling 3. chills 4. fever bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism

21. Arthritis

22. Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis

23. Osteoarthritis Most common form, frequently affects the hips and knees Causes: aging Symptoms: joint pain, stiffness, aching, and limited range of motion Treatmeant: no cure; however, rest, anti-inflammatory medications, applications of heat and cold are used to relieve symptoms.

24. Rheumatoid Arthritis Chronic inflammatory diesease that affects the connective tissues and joints Symptoms: scar tissue formation and atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, deformity, immobility Treatment: rest, exercise, artrhopasty (replace damaged joints)