1. SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter One: The Sociological Perspective This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin

2. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20072  How Groups Influence People  How People are Influenced by Their Society  People Who Share a Culture  People Who Share a Territory Seeing the Broader Social Context

3. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20073  Jobs  Income  Education  Gender  Age  Race Social Location - Corners in Life

4. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20074  History—Location in Broad Stream of Events  Biography—Individual’s Specific Experiences C. Wright Mills: Connection Between History and Biography C. Wright Mills: Connection Between History and Biography

5. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20075  The Global Village  Instant Communication  Sociology Studies both the Global Network and Our Unique Experiences The Growing Global Context The Growing Global Context

6. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20076  The Natural Sciences—Explain and Predict Events in Natural Environment  The Social Sciences—Examine Human Relationships Sociology and the Other Sciences

7. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20077  Anthropology - Studies Culture  Economics - Studies the Production and Distribution of Goods and Services  Political Science - Studies How People Govern Themselves Sociology and the Other Sciences

8. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20078  Psychology - The Study of Processes Within Individuals  Sociology - Similarities to Other Disciplines Sociology and the Other Sciences

9. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20079  Explain Why Something Happens  Make Generalizations  Predict What will Happen The Goal of Science

10. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200710  Tradition vs. Science  Emerged mid-1800s  Grew Out of Social Upheaval  Rethinking of Social Life  The Success of Natural Sciences Origins of Sociology

11. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200711  Applying the Scientific Method to Social World  Coined the Term “Sociology”  “Armchair Philosophy” Auguste Comte and Positivism

12. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200712  Second Founder of Sociology  Lower and Higher Forms of Society  Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest” Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism

13. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200713  Engine of Human History is Class Conflict  The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat  Marxism Not the Same as Communism Karl Marx and Class Conflict

14. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200714  Got Sociology Recognized as Separate Discipline  Studied How Social Forces Affect Behavior  Identified “Social Integration” - Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group Emile Durkheim and Social Integration

15. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200715

16. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200716  Religion and the Origin of Capitalism  Religion is Central Force in Social Change  Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic

17. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200717  Sociology Should be Value-Free  Sociology Should be Objective  Research Should Involve Replication  Goals and Uses of Sociology Values in Sociological Research Values in Sociological Research

18. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200718

19. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200719  Weber  Verstehen - “To Grasp by Insight”  Importance of Subjective Meanings  Durkheim  Stressed Social Facts  Explain Social Facts with Other Social Facts  How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together Verstehen and Social Facts

20. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200720  Attitudes of the Time  1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined  Few People Educated Beyond Basics  Harriet Martineau  Published Society in America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born  Her Work was Ignored Sexism in Early Sociology

21. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200721  Early History: Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis  Jane Addams and Social Reform  W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations  Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory vs. Reform  Continuing Tension and Rise of Applied Sociology Sociology in North America

22. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200722

23. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200723  Symbolic Interactionism - How People Use Symbols in Everyday Life  Applying Symbolic Interactionism - Changing the Meaning of Symbols Affects Expectations Theoretical Perspectives

24. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200724  Emotional Satisfaction  The Love Symbol  The Meaning of Children  The Meaning of Parenthood Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples

25. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200725  Marital Roles  Perception of Alternatives  The Meaning of Divorce Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples

26. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200726

27. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200727  Marital Roles  Perception of Alternatives  The Meaning of Divorce  Changes in the Law Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples

28. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200728  Society is a Whole Unit Made Up of Interrelated Parts that Work Together  Functionalism, Structural Functionalism  Robert Merton - Functions and Dysfunctions Functional Analysis

29. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200729  Economic Production  Socialization of Children  Care of the Sick and Elderly Applying Functional Analysis

30. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200730  Recreation  Sexual Control  Reproduction Applying Functional Analysis

31. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200731  Karl Marx and Conflict Theory  Conflict Theory Today  Feminists and Conflict Theory  Applying Conflict Theory Conflict Theory

32. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200732  Functionalists and Conflict Theorists - Macro Level  Symbolic Interactionists - Micro Level Levels of Analysis

33. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200733  Sociology Full Circle: Reform vs. Research  Public Sociology  Diversity of Orientations  Globalization Trends Shaping the Future

34. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200734