1. I can revise a text to make cohesive meaning. (Bell Ringer) I can differentiate between active and passive. (grammar) I can differentiate between logos, pathos, and ethos and explain how they are being used. (packet) I can score an 80% or higher on the WFA.

2. Reread Passage 5 and answer questions 72-75. 72. The author probably had which audience in mind for this article. F. Zoologists G. Students who are studying Aristotle H. The average person interested in science J. Teachers of marine biology

3.  The passage is expository but not overly technical. Its main topic is Aristotle.

4. 73. What is the actual thesis of the passage? A. People have always liked animals. B. Animals and people have reversed roles. C. Aristotle was interested in the natural world. D. The animal world became a source of serious study because of Aristotle.

5.  The focus of the passage is Aristotle and his interest in the natural world.

6.  74. How does the first paragraph of the passage function? F. It poses questions to be answered. G. It provides general background for the rest of the passage. H. It introduces an argument. J. It provides an anecdote related to the rest of the passage.

7.  The main topic of the passage is Aristotle and his interest in the natural world. The function of the first paragraph is to place Aristotle in a certain context.

8.  75. Is the quote from Aristotle in the last paragraph appropriate?  A. Yes, because it is important to quote the works of people you are talking about.  B. YEs., because it is a succinct statement of Aristotle’s theory.  C. No, because the quote is irrelevant to what the author is talking about in that paragraph.  D. No, because it is wrong to quote when you can express the idea in your own words.

9.  The author’s use of Aristotle’s own words is particularly forceful. It lets Aristotle make the point for himself.

10.  A verb is said to be active when it expresses an action performed by the subject.  A verb is said to be passive when the subject receives the action.

11. Directions: On your own paper, write AV or PV to indicate if the sentence is active or passive. 1. The whole club elects the chairman. 2. A terrible accident has been prevented by George’s quick thinking. 3. The leading role was played brilliantly by an understudy. 4. The book was unfavorably reviewed by the critics. 5. A newsboy recognized the public enemy. 6. At first, the prophet’s advice was ignored. 7. The hostess usually invites the guests. 8. Children of many different countries play that game. 9. The rumors of a revolution were denied by the dictator. 10. He was then quickly driven to the airport by this bodyguard.

12. 1. The whole club elects the chairman. (AV) 2. A terrible accident has been prevented by George’s quick thinking. (PV) 3. The leading role was played brilliantly by an understudy. (PV) 4. The book was unfavorably reviewed by the critics. (PV) 5. A newsboy recognized the public enemy. (AV) 6. At first, the prophet’s advice was ignored. (AV) 7. The hostess usually invites the guests. (AV) 8. Children of many different countries play that game. (AV) 9. The rumors of a revolution were denied by the dictator. (PV) 10. He was then quickly driven to the airport by this bodyguard. (PV)

13.  Pathos: The speaker writes to the audience’s emotions. An emotional appeal evokes anger, laughter, sadness, joy, pride, etc in the reader or listener. Some methods of creating emotional appeals include:  Connotative diction  Carefully crafted syntax  Personal anecdotes  Read the excerpt from an address by former President George W. Bush following the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center.  What is the purpose of the speech?

14.  The speaker or writer appeals to the audience’s logic by constructing a well-reasoned argument. Some methods of creating a logical appeal include:  Facts  Statistics  Research  Reference to experts  Cause and effect  With your partner read the excerpt from the Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech by Albert Gore, Jr. Then the complete the questions and activities that follow. (15 minutes)

15.  The speaker or writer appeals to the audience’s trust by establishing his credibility or trustworthiness as a speaker. Some methods of creating ethical appeal include:  Stating qualifications for expertise  Using first person pronouns  Citing relevant authorities and allusions  Read the excerpt from the remarks by Maya Angelou at the funeral service for Coretta Scott King and then complete the questions and activities that follow. (10 minutes)

16.  Read the questions  Then read the speech carefully.  Answer the questions on your own paper.  Click your answers into the CPS system  Respond to the following prompt on your own paper. Prompt: Select one of the speeches from this lesson and write a short paragraph explaining how the speaker used one or more of the appeals to achieve his or her purpose.