2.  The conventional automobile system makes use of a battery and alternator system to power up the vehicle and run the peripherals like the head-lamp, horn, indicators etc.  Slow charge-discharge rates, repetitive inspection and replenishment of the acid-condition, short-life are some of the various limitations associated with batteries, besides being hazardous ecologically.  The supercapacitor is a new device which can eliminate the usage of the conventional lead-acid battery. This project presents an implementation of an automated control scheme for a supercapacitor bank to power the automobile- eventually reducing the system mass due to the high-density energy-storage capacity of the supercapacitors, and employing a VRLA battery as back-up that is less than half the conventional battery rating and size.  Our project presents an automated, relay-based electronic system for supercapacitor bank management to make the proposed vehicle start-up system simplified and markedly user-friendly.

5. BatterySUPERCAPACITOR 1.Operates with narrow range (11.4-12.5V) 2.Storage is problem in any state 3.Over discharging can damage it 4.Stores more energy 5.Life gets affected due to high power pulses 6.Fast charging can damage it 1.Operates within entire voltage range(0-3V) 2.Can be stored in charged/ discharged state 3.It can completely discharge 4.Stores less energy 5.It can deliver frequent power pulses 6.It can charge very fast

6.  Starting of any DC Motor/Starter Motor  Generator-Motor sets  Cameras  Audio Video devices SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO FULFILL PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS  Starting of any DC Motor/Starter Motor  Generator-Motor sets  Cameras  Audio Video devices SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO FULFILL PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS

8. PARAMETERSPECIFICATIONS CONTROLLERArduino Uno CAPACITANCE8.3F SUPERCAPACITOR VOLTAGE15V MAX STORED ENERGY900V WEIGHT280gm TIME TO CHARGE30sec LIFE CYCLE5,00,000 cycles LIFE TIME90,000hrs RELAY5V DC

9.  The system can be described in five parts: the controller, a feedback circuit, the supercapacitor bank, the battery and the relay driving circuit.  The switching system is managed/indicated through:-  Relay 1- Between Battery and Supercapacitor  Relay 2- Between Battery and Alternator  LED S- Supercapacitor charged, press self-start button  LED K- Battery voltage below min. threshold, use manual crank (kick)   The controller continuously monitors the voltages on supercapacitor bank (V sc ) and battery terminals (V Bat ). Whenever the system is turned ON the microcontroller first checks V sc and V Bat.  If the charge on supercapacitor bank is greater than the set threshold value, then the required amount of peak pulse and LED S turns on. Charge is delivered to the load from the supercapacitor on pressing the self- start button.  However, if the charge on bank is less than the set threshold value then in that case relay R1 turns ON and the supercapacitor bank is first charged using the battery upto the set threshold value. After that R1 turns OFF and then the LED S turns ON, indicating that the required amount of charge is available to be delivered to the load.  As soon as the vehicle starts running, the controller turns relay R2 ON to connect the internally-connected supercapacitor-alternator terminals to the battery as well. Hence, both the supercapacitor and battery are charged by alternator.  After V Batt for the normal operation of devices like headlights, horn, indicators etc. of the vehicle, only the supercapacitor's energy is tapped.  If the feedback is FALSE, the controller waits for it to toggle in the loop. During all this operation the battery is continuously charged by the vehicle alternator. Protection diodes are placed between controller and battery and supercapacitors in order to prevent the damage from reverse voltage from battery and supercapacitor.

10. PARAMETERSAUTOCAP5Ah LEAD ACID BATTERY LIFE10 Years24-36 Months MAINTAINENCENot requiredRequired INITIAL CHARGINGNot requiredRequired CHARGING TIME30 seconds3-4 hours ECO FRIENDLY60% less leadContain Acid and Lead SHORT CIRCUIT and OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION Over voltage AlarmNo protection WEIGHT1.2kg2.1kg

11. PARAMETERSAUTOCAP5Ah LEAD ACID BATTERY LIFE10 Years12-24 Months MAINTAINENCENot requiredRequired INITIAL CHARGINGNot requiredNot Required CHARGING TIME30 seconds3-4 hours ECO FRIENDLY60% less leadContain Lead SHORT CIRCUIT and OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION Over voltage AlarmNo protection WEIGHT1.2kg2.1kg

12.  The present inovation achieves partial salvage of kinetic energy previously dissipaing due to heat energy.  The present inovation provide a intelligent and efficient use of battery and capacitor in automobiles.  The present inovation ensures reduced stress on battery pack hence increasing the battery life.  The present inovation achieves improved battery performance due to provision of large instantaneous currentr during starting from the capacitor bank.  The present inovation features a reduced running cost due to reduced battery maintainance and battery replacment frequency.  The present inovation ensures a reduction in battery size making vehicle less bulky.