1. Chapter 9 Section 4 The Respiratory System Question of the Day Explain whether the following statements are true or false: 1) Breathing and respiration are the same thing. 2) The nose is the primary opening into and out of the respiratory system. 3) The vocal cords are located in the trachea.

2. Chapter 9 Objectives List five main parts of the cardiovascular system, and describe their functions. Describe the two types of circulation of blood in the body. List four cardiovascular problems. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

3. Chapter 9 Your Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is the heart and the three types of blood vessels that carry blood through your body. The blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and veins—carry blood pumped by the heart. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

4. Chapter 9 The Heart Cardiac Muscle Your heart is an organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. It is about the size of your fist and is almost in the center of your chest cavity. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

5. Chapter 9 Human Heart Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

6. Chapter 9 Blood Vessels Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the body’s organs. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange between body cells and blood. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

7. Chapter 9 Blood Vessels, continued Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

8. Chapter 9 Two Types of Circulation Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins. Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

9. Chapter 9 Cardiovascular Problems Atherosclerosis happens when cholesterol builds up inside of the blood vessels. Artherosclerosis is a major cause of heart diseases. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

10. Chapter 9 Cardiovascular Problems, continued High Blood Pressure Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk of a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, and stroke. Heart Attacks and Heart Failure A heart attack happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Section 1 The Cardiovascular System

11. Chapter 9 Objectives Describe the relationship between the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system. Identify six parts of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions. Section 3 The Lymphatic System

12. Chapter 9 Vessels of the Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is the organs and tissues that collect excess fluid and return it to your blood. Section 3 The Lymphatic System

13. Chapter 9 Vessels of the Lymphatic System, continued The smallest vessels of the lymphatic system are lymph capillaries. The fluid and particles absorbed into lymph capillaries are called lymph. Section 3 The Lymphatic System

14. Chapter 9 Other Parts of the Lymphatic System Bone Marrow is the soft tissue inside of bones. Bone marrow is where most red and white blood cells, including lymphocytes, are produced. Lymph Nodes are small, bean-shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph. Section 3 The Lymphatic System

15. Chapter 9 Other Parts of the Lymphatic System, continued The thymus is the gland that produces T cells that are ready to fight infection. Your spleen is the largest lymphatic organ. The spleen stores and produces lymphocytes. Section 3 The Lymphatic System

16. Chapter 9 Other Parts of the Lymphatic System, continued Tonsils are lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth on either side of the tongue. Tonsils help defend the body against infection. Section 3 The Lymphatic System

17. Chapter 9 Objectives Describe the parts of the respiratory system and their functions. Explain how breathing happens. Discuss the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Section 4 The Respiratory System

18. Chapter 9 Respiration and the Respiratory System Respiration is the process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water. Breathing is only one part of respiration. The second part of respiration is cellular respiration, which involves chemical reactions that release energy from food. The respiratory system is the group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. Section 4 The Respiratory System

19. Chapter 9 Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx Your nose is the main passageway into and out of the respiratory system. From the nose, air flows into the pharynx, or throat. The larynx is the part of the throat that contains the vocal chords. Section 4 The Respiratory System

20. Chapter 9 Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Trachea The larynx guards the entrance to a large tube called the trachea, or windpipe. Bronchi and Alveoli The trachea splits into two branches called bronchi. One bronchus connects to each lung. In the lungs, each bronchus branches into bronchioles, which branch to form thousands of tiny sacs that are called alveoli. Section 4 The Respiratory System

21. Chapter 9 Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Section 4 The Respiratory System

22. Chapter 9 Breathing Breathing is done by the diaphragm and rib muscles. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs. Section 4 The Respiratory System

23. Chapter 9 Section 4 The Respiratory System

24. Chapter 9 Gas Exchange in the Lungs Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Section 4 The Respiratory System