1. Ch 37 Circulatory and Respiratory System 37-1 The Circulatory System 37-2 Blood and the Lymphatic System 37-3 The Respiratory System

2. 37-1 The Circulatory System  The Human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them  The epithelial and connective tissue that surrounds the heart is called the Pericardium which protects the heart muscle called Myocardium  The upper part of the heart that received blood is the Atrium  The lower, stronger part of the heart that pumps the blood to the body or lungs is the Ventricle

3. 37-1 The Circulatory System  The right side of the heart pumps blood from the heart to the lungs, this pathway is known as the Pulmonary Circulation-  (To get Oxygen and drop off Carbon Dioxide)  The left side pumps blood to the rest of the body which is called the Systemic circulation  (To drop off oxygen and pick up Carbon Dioxide)

4. 37-1 The Circulatory System  Connective tissue that stops blood from going from the Ventricles to the Atriums are the valves  An impulse that travels down the hearts and controls the contraction of cardiac muscles in the heart is the Pacemaker

5. 37-1 The Circulatory System  Oxygen rich blood leaving the left ventricle enters the Aorta  As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels  Arteries- Large vessels that carry blood A way from the heart  Capillaries- smallest vessels, only one cell thick, allow transfer of nutrients  Veins- Large vessels, return blood from capillaries to the heart

6. 37-1 The Circulatory System  Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries  Pg 950- 1-5

7. 37-2 Blood & the Lymphatic System  Blood is 8% of your total mass  45% is cells  55% is made of water, dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and proteins called Plasma

8. 37-2 Blood & the Lymphatic System  Red blood cells transport oxygen  Hemoglobin is the iron containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the cells  White blood cells are the “army” of the circulatory system- they guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria  Lymphocytes produce antibodies that recognize tumors, viruses and bacteria and help prevent future diseases

9. 37-2 Blood & the Lymphatic System  Blood clotting is made possible by plasma proteins and cell fragments called platelets  Platelets are cytoplasm enclosed in a cell membrane and become sticky and release chemicals when they become in contact with a broken blood vessel

10. 37-2 Blood & the Lymphatic System  A network of vessels, nodes, and organs, called the lymphatic system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system  The fluid is known as lymph and collects in lymphatic capillaries and slowly flows into larger and larger lymph vessels  Pg 955 (1-5)

11. 37-3 Respiratory System  The basic function performed by the human respiratory system is to bring about the exchange of Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide between  Blood & Air & Tissues  The Pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food  From the pharynx air moves down your windpipe or your Trachea  The Larynx is the uppermost part of the trachea that has elastic folds that produce sounds as air passes

12. 37-3 Respiratory System  The location where the Trachea breaks into two large passageways that leads to the lungs called the Bronchi  They split further into Bronchiolies  The bronchiolies end at small air sacs where gas molecules are exchanged called Alveoli

13. 37-3 Respiratory System  At the bottom of your chest cavity is a muscle that creates negative pressure that brings air into the lungs called your Diaphragm

14. 37-3 Respiratory System  Nicotine is a stimulant drug that increases the heart rate and blood pressure  Contains carbon monoxide which binds to hemoglobin and prevents transport of oxygen  Emphysema is the loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs  Pg 963 (1-5)