2. Minerals CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFYING, HOW DO MINERALS FORM? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DSzlxeNCBk

3. Mineral Non-minerals on earth 1. Occurs naturally 2. Is a solid 3. Has a definite chemical composition 4. Is inorganic 5. Has a crystalline formation Ex. Quartz, halite, mica, Gold, diamonds Ex. Water, glass, pearls, coal

4. How do atoms of different minerals stay together- let’s review! Electric attraction Electric attraction Ion Ion Atoms in their normal state have an equal # of protons & electrons. Atoms in their normal state have an equal # of protons & electrons. Said to be “stable” Said to be “stable” An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons becoming either more positively or negatively charged An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons becoming either more positively or negatively charged Since opposite charges attract, ions of opposite charges may bond together to form a compound/mineral. Since opposite charges attract, ions of opposite charges may bond together to form a compound/mineral.

5. Crystal A regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces called crystal faces A regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces called crystal faces Crystal angles and number of faces can help identify a mineral. Crystal angles and number of faces can help identify a mineral. 6 basic crystal shapes occur 6 basic crystal shapes occur

6. How can minerals form? 1) Crystallization of melted materials 2)Crystallization of materials dissolved in water 3)Heat/Pressure 4)Evaporation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHPOp69SO9E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hY32prGn6B8

7. Minerals from magma As magma and lava cool to a solid, a crystal formation can occur. As magma and lava cool to a solid, a crystal formation can occur. Speed of cooling, chemical composition and amount of gas affect the size of the crystal. Speed of cooling, chemical composition and amount of gas affect the size of the crystal.

8. Minerals from Hot Water Solutions When a hot water solution cools the elements and compounds crystallize to form minerals. When a hot water solution cools the elements and compounds crystallize to form minerals.

9. Minerals formed by evaporation When a solution evaporates and leaves crystal formations behind. When a solution evaporates and leaves crystal formations behind.

10. Idaho mining https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RZMXd4IAb0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQsKRWiy- uE&index=11&list=PLAcEE2_MSGW5qbVOzP7qPZJ2fn1 1disXT

11. How do we identify individual minerals?

12. 1) Mohs hardness scale Ranks mineral hardness from 1-10 Ranks mineral hardness from 1-10 Scratch test Scratch test

13. 2) Color

14. 3) Streak The color of a mineral’s powder The color of a mineral’s powder Rub the mineral along a “streak plate.” Rub the mineral along a “streak plate.”

15. 4) Luster Is it shiny??? Is it shiny??? Does it reflect light? Does it reflect light?

16. 5) Density

17. 6) Crystal systems 6 groups based on # of faces and angles 6 groups based on # of faces and angles

18. 7) Cleavage and Fracture How a mineral looks when broken- Cleavage How a mineral looks when broken- Cleavage Fracture means no cleavage – no definite shape (quartz) Fracture means no cleavage – no definite shape (quartz)

19. 8) Special properties Fluorescence Fluorescence Taste Taste Magnetism Magnetism Smell (odor) Smell (odor) Radioactive Radioactive