1. RESEARCH UNIT Smithfield Middle School Sixth Grade

2. WHAT ARE YOU EXPECTED TO DO BY THE END OF THIS UNIT?

3. BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND  You are going to create a multi-media presentation of your research of a 1960s topic.  Your presentation will have 11 Power Point, Prezi, or other multi-media slides as approved by your teacher and demonstrate your understanding of the standards taught in this unit.  The following is an example of a presentation from last year along with the standards. There are some areas of improvement, but it will give you an idea of the end product.

4. The Little Rock Nine By Jacob Ramsey and Joseph Shutt

5. Who?  Little Rock Nine:  Minnigean Brown  Elezebeth Eckford  Ernest Green  Thelma Mothershed  Melba Pattillo  Gloria Ray  Terrance Roberts  Jefferson Thomas  Carlota Walls  President Eiesenhower  Daisy Bates  Govenor Orval Faubus

6. What?  President Eisenhower sent 101 st airborne to little rock, Arkansas to ensure the integration of central high school in 1957.

7. When?  May 17,1954 Brown V. Board of education mandates desegregation.  September 3,1957 Little Rock Nine attempted to enter all white school.

8. Where?  Central high school  Little rock, Arkansas

9. Why?  Southern racist people were apposed to desegragation.  Brown V. Board of education foced it.  It took fedral intervention to make it happen.

10. How? 1. Brown V. Board of education mandated desegregation 2. Daisy Bates lead a campaign to allow black kids in white only schools in Little Rock 3. The Little Rock Nine volunteered to integrate into the central high school 4. Racist people opposed to integration threatened any black students that dared to enter white schools 5. Governor Faubus of Arkansas sent the National Guard to prevent black students from entering school 6. President Eisenhower sent in 101 st airborne to ensure the Little Rock Nine’s safety.

11. Timeline 1954 Brown V. Board of Education 1957 Eisenhower send in 101 st airborne

12. Additional Questions  After Brown vs. Board of Education, were other schools desegregated?  Did other schools have riots like the one in little rock?  Did Eisenhower help in other desegregation attempts?

13. Sources 1. Blackwood, Joe. The Nine. New York: Dutton, 2013.Print. 2. “The Nine.” World Book. Vol. 13. Chicago:World Book. 2012.Print. 3. ushistory.org, “Showdown in Little Rock.” U.S. History Online Textbook. Independence Hall Association, 2013. Web. 9 January 2013. http://www.ushistory.org/us/54c.asp http://www.ushistory.org/us/54c.asp

14. ORGANIZING & PRESENTING IDEAS  In this presentation, the students:  Compiled important information from multiple sources (TEKS 25A)  Developed a topic sentence and used evidence to support conclusions (TEKS 25B)  Presented the findings in a consistent format (TEKS 25C)  Used quotations to support ideas and appropriate form of documentation to acknowledge sources (TEKS 25D)

15. GRADING RUBRIC  I have given you the grading rubric for this project.  Look over it with your neighbor.  Grade the Power Point you just saw using the rubric provided.

16. HOW WILL WE GET STARTED?

17. LIBRARY ORIENTATION  Ms. Collier, our librarian, will give us an overview of research on;  Norris – December 11, 2013  Bryant – December 12, 2013  Kempe – December 13, 2013  In her presentation, she will talk about the entire research process and allow us to practice gathering sources.

18. FOLLOW-UP LIBRARY VISIT  In the follow-up visit to the library, you will have the entire block (two periods) to gather your remaining sources for the information needed.  Norris – December 17, 2013  Bryant – December 18, 2013  Kempe – December 19, 2013  The FINAL PROJECT is due the beginning of the period on Tuesday, January 14, 2014.

19. THE PROJECT BASICS  PLAN for the research project  Research overview by Mrs. Collier  Brainstorm Questions (TEKS 22A). (This has been done for you and is at the bottom of the “Research Project Organizer” that will be given to you.  Generate Research Plan (TEKS 22B)

20. GATHERING SOURCES  GATHER information from at least three (3) different sources:  1 book,  1 encyclopedia entry, and  1 online source  Copy your information into your “Research Project Organizer”/Note card Organizer

21. GATHERING SOURCES (CONT’D)  Follow the Plan (TEKS 23A)  Primary/Secondary Sources (TEKS 23B)  Technology (TEKS 23C)  Bibliography (TEKS 23D)  Paraphrasing & Plagiarizing (TEKS 23E)

22. SYNTHESIZE INFORMATION  Using the information you’ve gathered from your sources you will:  Refine the major research question (if needed) (TEKS 24A)  Evaluate the relevance and reliability of sources (TEKS 24B)

23. RESEARCH PROJECT ORGANIZER  Research projects should be planned  What am I trying to find out?  Where am I going to look for the information?  To whom am I presenting the information?  In what format (paper, electronic, pamphlet) am I presenting the information once it’s gathered?

24. RESEARCH PROJECT ORGANIZER  Your “Research Project Organizer” will contain the plan and information gathered for your entire project.  Your research questions and sources will be contained in this document. KEEP UP WITH IT!!  Create “Research Project Organizer”

25. LESSON ONE Paraphrasing vs. Plagiarizing

26. PARAPHRASE V. PLAGIARISM  https://webmail.birdvilleschools.net/owa/attachment.ashx?attach=1&id=RgAAAAB0QbFO uo6pT7TvRVJukEIfBwAdT%2b3iVVFDTZHN%2f1j9WC8%2fAAAARFfwAACoTkFQAySk Sbl3taS9fb9vAAAAR6RJAAAJ&attid0=BAAAAAAA&attcnt=1 https://webmail.birdvilleschools.net/owa/attachment.ashx?attach=1&id=RgAAAAB0QbFO uo6pT7TvRVJukEIfBwAdT%2b3iVVFDTZHN%2f1j9WC8%2fAAAARFfwAACoTkFQAySk Sbl3taS9fb9vAAAAR6RJAAAJ&attid0=BAAAAAAA&attcnt=1

27. Plagiarism Giving Credit Where Credit is Due! -- taken from Joyce Brannon’s “Plagiarism.” PowerPoint Presentation & Joyce Valenza’s “What is Plagiarism?” (See works cited). (Internet downloads)

28. PoliticsNJ, The Pulblis Group, Hoboken, NJ. http://www.politicsnj.com/plagerism090903.htm. http://www.politicsnj.com/plagerism090903.htm Plagiarism defined: The word “plagiarism” comes from the Latin plagiarus meaning “kidnapper”

29. Why is plagiarism important? Who really cares?  Plagiarism is theft of intellectual property.  Plagiarism is cheating.  Plagiarism may result in receiving a failing grade or zero for the assignment. Plagiarism could result in a disciplinary referral. Students caught plagiarizing may be denied admittance to or removal from the National Honor Society.

30. Some of the things that you think you know about plagiarism may be wrong. It does not matter if the person whose work you have cited is alive or dead. If it is not your own idea, you must cite your source! If you translate or paraphrase something, you must still give a citation. If you use a picture from the Internet, you must cite the source.

31. Two types of plagiarism: Intentional –Copying a friend’s work –Buying or borrowing papers –Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting –Media “borrowing”without documentation –Web publishing without permissions of creators Unintentional –Careless paraphrasing –Poor documentation –Quoting excessively –Failure to use your own “voice”

32. Excuses It’s okay if I don’t get caught! I was too busy to write that paper! (Job, big game, too much homework!) My teachers expect too much! I’ve got to get into ??? U.! My parents expect “A”s! This assignment was BORING! Everyone does it!

33. Do I have to cite everything?

34. Nope! Facts that are widely known, or Information or judgments considered “common knowledge” Do NOT have to be documented. Hooray for common knowledge!

35. Examples of common knowledge John Adams was our second president The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 If you see a fact in three or more sources, and you are fairly certain your readers already know this information, it is likely to be “common knowledge.” But when in doubt, cite!

36. No need to document when: You are discussing your own experiences, observations, or reactions Compiling the results of original research, from science experiments, etc. You are using common knowledge

37. What’s the big deal? If I change a few words, I’m okay, right? Wrong! Paraphrasing original ideas without documenting your source, is plagiarism too!

38. You can “borrow” from the works of others in your own work!

39. Use these three strategies, Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing To blend source materials in with your own, making sure your own voice is heard.

40. Quoting Quotations are the exact words of an author, copied directly from a source, word for word. Quotations must be cited! Use quotations when: You want to add the power of an author’s words to support your argument You want to disagree with an author’s argument You want to highlight particularly eloquent or powerful phrases or passages You are comparing and contrasting specific points of view You want to note the important research that precedes your own Carol Rohrbach and Joyce Valenza

41. Quotations should be used sparingly. They must be exact, word-for-word as they appear in the original document. Quotes require a citation in addition to the use of quote marks. Every quoted word needs to be cited. Even a short phrase or single word must be quoted and cited if it is unusual. “pretzeled logic” “clandestine coup” Using Sources Effectively: Strengthening Your Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Robert A. Harris. Los Angeles, California: Pyrczak Publishers, 2002.

42. Quotations must be attributed to the original author and the source that you used. For example: If you use the phrase, “Fourscore and twenty years ago, our forefathers...” you must give credit to Abraham Lincoln and the book in which he is quoted. Lincoln, Abraham. Gettysburg Address. In Lincoln at Gettysburg: the Words that Remade America, Garry Wills. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.

43. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing means rephrasing the words of an author, putting his/her thoughts in your own words. When you paraphrase, you rework the source’s ideas, words, phrases, and sentence structures with your own. Like quotations, paraphrased material must be followed with in-text documentation and cited on your Works-Cited page. Paraphrase when: You plan to use information on your note cards and wish to avoid plagiarizing You want to avoid overusing quotations You want to use your own voice to present information Carol Rohrbach and Joyce Valenza

44. Examples: Source: Unless steps are taken to provide a predictable and stable energy supply in the face of growing demand, the nation may be in danger of sudden power losses or even extended blackouts, thus damaging our industrial and information-based economies. – John Doe, 1999, p.231. Inadequate paraphrase: Doe (1999) recommends that the government take action to provide a predictable and stable energy supply because of constantly growing demand. Otherwise, we may be in danger of losing power or even experiencing extended blackouts. These circumstances could damage our industrial and information-based economy. (p.231).

45. The inadequate paraphrase is guilty of plagiarism even though the material is cited correctly. The writer has used too many word-for-word phases from the source. Also, the order of the ideas is unchanged from the source. Compare the following correct paraphrase: Doe (1999) believes that we must find a more reliable source of energy if we are to have a dependable electricity supply. Without this, the nation’s economic base may be damaged by blackouts (p.231). Using Sources Effectively: Strengthening Your Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Robert A. Harris. Los Angeles, California: Pyrczak Publishers, 2002.

46. Summarizing Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) of one or several writers into your own words, including only the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. Again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to their original sources. Summarize when: You want to establish background or offer an overview of a topic You want to describe knowledge (from several sources) about a topic You want to determine the main ideas of a single source Carol Rohrbach and Joyce Valenza

47. As you take notes: Include any direct quotes or unique phrases in quotation marks or mark with a big Q and make sure the speaker’s /writer’s name is identified. Make sure you note a paraphrase with the writer’s name and mark it with a big P Include page numbers and source references so you can go back and check for accuracy as you write.

48. Sorry, you cannot use someone else’s paper, art work, or presentation without proper citation even if he gave you permission. (Of course, your instructor may not want someone else’s paper as your work even with proper citation!) You may even have to cite yourself. If you created a work for a previous paper or presentation, and you are using it again, you must cite your previous work. WHEN IN DOUBT, USE A CITATION!!

49. FOR MORE INFORMATION: The Copyright Crash Course, by Georgia K. Harper, 2001, University of Texas at Austin, http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/IntellectualProperty/cprtindx.htm. This site explains copyright and fair use in easy to understand language. http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/IntellectualProperty/cprtindx.htm Online! A reference guide to using Internet sources, by Andrew Harnock and Eugene Kleppinger, 2003, http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/index.html. This site includes links to many citation styles. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/index.html OWL, Online Writing Lab, Purdue University, “Research and Documenting Sources,” http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research. This site contains explanations and examples of many aspects of writing a paper. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research

50. “Plagiarism Sites,” English Department, Jacksonville State University, Alabama, http://www.jsu.edu/depart/english/treed/plagiarism.html. A compiled list of sites dealing with plagiarism. http://www.jsu.edu/depart/english/treed/plagiarism.html “Plagiarism in the News,” Bridgewater College Online Writing Lab, Bridgewater, Virginia, http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/Workshops/PlagiarismCa ses.htm. A discussion of recent legal cases involving plagiarism. This presentation has been prepared by Joyce A. Brannan, Julia Tutwiler Library, University of West Alabama, Livingston, Alabama, 35470. 2004. http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/Workshops/PlagiarismCa ses.htm “What is Plagiarism?” Georgetown University. http://www.georgetown.edu/honor/plagiarism.html. Covers many aspects of plagiarism in an often humorous manner. http://www.georgetown.edu/honor/plagiarism.html FYI -- continued

51. Works Cited (for this PowerPoint Presentation) Brannon, Joyce. “Plagiarism.” PowerPoint Presentation. University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL. http://libraryuwa.edu/Help/Plagiarism.ppt (1/30/06) http://libraryuwa.edu/Help/Plagiarism.ppt Valenza, Joyce. “What is Plagiarism?” Springfield Township High School.Springfield, IL. http://mciu.org/~spjvweb/plagiarism.ppt (1/30/06). http://mciu.org/~spjvweb/plagiarism.ppt