1. Jacksonian Democracy & the Rise of the Common Man

2. The Presidency of Andrew Jackson 1 st ran against John Quincy Adams and lost! Jackson claimed it was due to a “corrupt bargain” between Clay and Adams, when the decision was made by the House of Representatives as no one had received a majority of the electoral votes in the election. Clay supported Adams & was then named Secretary of State when Adams became president This charge led people to question the presidency of Adams.

3. FOUR YEARS LATER.....!!!!! He begins with the idea of the “spoils system” where he “cleans house” with the Cabinet and appoints his own guys! “to the victor go the spoils!”

4. Key Tenets Spoils System-rewarding political supporters with public office The political mobilization of the urban working classes : more men were able to vote now with no land requirements. (Mass democracy) Expansion West-the U.S. must continue growing and whoever is in the way should be removed Laissez-Faire Economics-Hands Off!

5. Tariff of Abominations, 1828 Created when Congress raised fees on imported manufactures goods and raw materials like wool. This leads to a decline of cotton on the open world market potentially because the English would retaliate and not buy Southern cotton. Called the “black tariff” by the south. Because they were mainly consumers, they were being hurt financially by the high protective tariffs. The South and cotton was not protected on the world market. Felt it hurts states rights!

6. Doctrine of Nullification South Carolina took the lead, with a pamphlet called the South Carolina exposition, secretly written by John C. Calhoun who was the Vice-President under Jackson! Pushed for State’s ability to nullify or cancel a federal law that hurts a state and its economic situation. Also threatened secession! The Theory of Nullification was developed because of the Tariff of Abominations. It led the charge of the states not having to follow a federal law that would hurt them. Jackson’s Response: Nullification of federal laws and succession from Union are not included in States Rights.

7. Compromise Tariff of 1833:Tariffs were reduced but still existed leads to the…. Force Bill: allows president to use Army or Navy to collect tariffs

8. The Bank War Why did Jackson veto/hate the bank? Because it controlled by money investors, not allowing the “everyman” any sort of control monopolies, he said were unconstitutional;. Found the bank “harmful to the nation.” What consequences did it result in? It amplified the power of the President President he felt had a power equal to that of 2/3rds of Congress Also leads to another messy campaign in 1832 The bank was due to expire now in 1836, but buries the bank in 1833 by depositing no more federal funds. Funds were placed in “Pet Banks” or in some cases “Wild Cat” banks that were a bit out of control and lead to a “runaway economy” Specie Circular: all public lands had to be purchased with “hard” or metallic money…Leads to Panic of 1837

9. Jackson’s Reputation One such example is his of the VETO of the 2 nd Bank of U.S. in favor of smaller “pet banks”. His VETO was upheld by Congress!

10. Cherokee Nation v Georgia & Worcester v Georgia(1831-1832) Two missionaries are convicted of living on Native American land without a license from the state of Georgia and are imprisoned then marched on the Trail of Tears. Although Marshall found in favor of Worcester, which leads to issues with Jackson. The Supreme Court believed the Cherokee Nation was an independent entity and not bound by Georgia law. Both the Governor of Georgia and Pres. Jackson rejected these decisions & refused to enforce them. Outcomes: A new Indian Removal Act

11. The Trail of Tears, 1838 Indian Removal Act: Which transplanted the Native Americans to what is now Oklahoma. 16,000 were forcibly marched for 116 days to Oklahoma, with ¼ dying along the way.

12. Trail of Tears

13. Indian Removals

14. de Tocqueville’s “Democracy in America” It spoke of a nation where any white man regardless of class or religion could vote or run for office.(The Era of the Common Man) But on the other side, were women, blacks, & Indians who had no social, political, or economic rights.

15. King Cotton Cotton accounted for ½ the value of all American exports after 1840 and the South produced more than ½ the world’s supply The South played the up the value of cotton to keep the North out off the business of slavery

16. Innovations Developed to link the East with the West Turnpikes Canals Railroads