2. Chapter 13 Review

3. Andrew Jackson As president, offered jobs to political supporters (spoils); aided in spreading political power to common people (Jacksonian Democracy); ignored the Supreme Court’s decision in Worcester v Georgia and instituted the Indian Removal Act to remove Natives from the south for cotton land and gold; fought South Carolina against nullification and possible secession to preserve the union; vetoed the renewal charter for 2 nd National Bank because he felt it favored the wealthy, but this led to an economic depression. John C. Calhoun Proposed the doctrine of nullification because of the Tariff of Abominations’ negative impact on S.C., this would allow them to cancel out the tariff. Threatened that S.C. would secede from the union if not allowed to nullify the tariff, eventually resigned as Jackson’s Vice President out of shame from this incident.

4. Henry Clay Made a “corrupt bargain” with J.Q. Adams to become Secretary of State in exchange for giving Adams his support for president. Allied with national bank to gain the presidency in 1832, attempting to ruin Jackson if he vetoed the renewal charter. Proposed the compromise tariff to end the Nullification Crisis over the Tariff of Abominations. Daniel Webster U.S. Senator from Massachusetts who argued for the importance of the federal union with Sen. Hayne from S.C. over the doctrine of nullification. Claimed that the union was of the people and not the states. was the lawyer for the bank who spoke out against Jackson’s veto of its charter for renewal. John Quincy Adams Made a deal with Henry Clay making him the Sec. of State in return for his support to make himself the president. President during the passing of the Tariff of 1828. Made a deal with Henry Clay making him the Sec. of State in return for his support to make himself the president. President during the passing of the Tariff of 1828.

5. Indian Removal Act Passed by Congress under Andrew Jackson which called for the immediate removal of all American Indians in the southern states to a newly created Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. It was fought with force and using the legal system. This led to the Trail of Tears. Worcester v. Georgia Georgia passed a law that any white person living among the Indians without a license from the governor could be sent to prison. State legislators feared white missionaries were encouraging resistance to Indian removal. Samuel Worcester was arrested and sued to obtain his freedom. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that if a state law conflicts with a federal law, the federal law surpasses it. Jackson ignored the case and continually pushed for removal. Samuel Worcester was arrested and sued to obtain his freedom. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that if a state law conflicts with a federal law, the federal law surpasses it. Jackson ignored the case and continually pushed for removal.

6. Doctrine of Nullification Written by John C. Calhoun, Vice President of the U.S. and from South Carolina, in response to the Tariff of 1828 and 1832, known as the Tariff of Abominations. The doctrine is based on, and extends, the idea proposed by Thomas Jefferson in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolution; the idea is that a state has the right to nullify, or cancel, any law they believe is unconstitutional or violates the rights of that state. Calhoun extends it further by banning the collection of the tariff and threatens secession if they are not allowed to continue the ban.

7. 82., son of John Adams, was the 6 th president of the United States, and the only one to serve in Congress after being president. He was best known for opposing the spread of slavery. John Quincy Adams Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

8. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction Insult my beloved Rachel and I’ll thump your skull. I will hold the Union together, so shut your trap & pay the tariff SC! 83. Andrew Jackson was a self- made man & founder of the modern Democratic Party. He was responsible for the Trail of Tears and he supported the Union during the Nullification Crisis Andrew Jackson Your Bank bill bites, Congress! Now you must get vetoed and thumped by Old Hickory!

9. 84. Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828 as president led to increased (voting rights) for white men in the United States. suffrage Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction It’s considered the dirtiest campaign ever witnessed, and it marked the beginning of political involvement for ordinary Americans, thanks to Jackson’s “common man” image.

10. Chickasaw ChoctawCherokee Creek The United States The Trail of Tears: 85. also known as the Indian Removal Act, forced the Indians in the southeastern U.S. to move west of the Mississippi River. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

11. 86. Nullification is the idea of a state declaring a federal law unconstitutional or not in force in that state. Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. Nullification Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

12. 87. Daniel Webster - a Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the Union. “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.” Look into my eyes and repeat after me… Union, Union Daniel Webster Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

13. 88. John C. Calhoun was a South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War. John C. Calhoun Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

14. 89. Henry Clay, nicknamed the Great Compromiser, was a powerful Kentucky Congressman Adam’s secretary of state, supported the bank, and the American System. States Can’t we all just get along? Henry Clay Union… Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction